Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals are affected by the Earth's ionosphere when the signals travel through the ionosphere. We first analyze the impact of ionospheric variation on the coseismic deformation results derived from interferometric SAR (InSAR) for the 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake. We then jointly invert leveling, GPS and InSAR data for the coseismic slip distribution. The bias in the inverted slip distribution caused by the ionospheric variation is especially investigated. Our results show that mitigating the effect of ionospheric artifacts on long wavelengths, such as the L-band, InSAR data is critical to studying some strong earthquakes. It is therefore advisable at least as a precaution to check the level of significance of the ionospheric artifacts when studying strong earthquakes with InSAR, and when the artifacts are found to be significant, corrections for the artifacts should be applied. This research also indicates that megathrust rupturing occurred mainly at two asperities with peak slip magnitudes reaching 15.7 m and 9.8 m. More importantly, generally unlike the common existing understanding, our results show that the rupture reached the trench only in the northern segment of the trench (near 34.9°S–35.4°S).

卫星合成孔径雷达 (SAR) 信号在穿过电离层时会受到地球电离层的影响。我们首先分析了电离层变化对 2010 年智利 Maule 地震的干涉 SAR (InSAR) 同震变形结果的影响。然后，我们联合反演同震滑动分布的水准测量、GPS 和 InSAR 数据。特别研究了由电离层变化引起的反向滑动分布的偏差。我们的结果表明，减轻电离层伪影对长波长（例如 L 波段）InSAR 数据的影响对于研究某些强地震至关重要。因此，建议至少在使用 InSAR 研究强地震时检查电离层伪影的显着性水平作为预防措施，当发现伪影很重要时，应该对伪影进行修正。这项研究还表明，巨型逆冲断层主要发生在两个不平整处，峰值滑动幅度分别为 15.7 m 和 9.8 m。更重要的是，通常与现有的普遍认识不同，我们的结果表明，破裂仅在海沟的北段（接近 34.9°S-35.4°S）到达海沟。