The brain is responsive to an ever-changing environment, enabling the organism to learn and change behavior accordingly. Efforts to understand the underpinnings of this plasticity have almost exclusively focused on the functional and underlying structural changes that neurons undergo at neurochemical synapses. What has received comparatively little attention is the involvement of activity-dependent myelination in such plasticity and the functional output of circuits controlling behavior. The traditionally held view of myelin as a passive insulator of axons is changing to one of lifelong changes in myelin, modulated by neuronal activity and experience. Here we review the nascent evidence of the functional role of myelin plasticity in strengthening circuit functions that underlie learning and behavior.

中文翻译：

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髓磷脂：依赖于活动的电路可塑性的守门人？

大脑对不断变化的环境做出反应，使有机体能够相应地学习和改变行为。了解这种可塑性基础的努力几乎完全集中在神经元在神经化学突触处经历的功能和潜在结构变化。相对较少受到关注的是活动依赖性髓鞘形成参与这种可塑性和控制行为的电路的功能输出。髓磷脂作为轴突的被动绝缘体的传统观点正在转变为髓磷脂的终生变化之一，受神经元活动和经验的调节。在这里，我们回顾了髓磷脂可塑性在加强作为学习和行为基础的电路功能中的功能作用的新证据。