Perseverance rover reveals an ancient delta-lake system and flood deposits at Jezero crater, Mars,Science

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Perseverance rover reveals an ancient delta-lake system and flood deposits at Jezero crater, Mars
Science ( IF 44.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-07 , DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4051
N Mangold ₁ , S Gupta ₂ , O Gasnault ₃ , G Dromart ₄ , J D Tarnas ₅ , S F Sholes ₅ , B Horgan ₆ , C Quantin-Nataf ₄ , A J Brown ₇ , S Le Mouélic ₁ , R A Yingst ₈ , J F Bell ₉ , O Beyssac ₁₀ , T Bosak ₁₁ , F Calef ₅ , B L Ehlmann ₁₂ , K A Farley ₁₂ , J P Grotzinger ₁₂ , K Hickman-Lewis _{13,

14} , S Holm-Alwmark _{15,

16,

17} , L C Kah ₁₈ , J Martinez-Frias ₁₉ , S M McLennan ₂₀ , S Maurice ₃ , J I Nuñez ₂₁ , A M Ollila ₂₂ , P Pilleri ₃ , J W Rice ₉ , M Rice ₂₃ , J I Simon ₂₄ , D L Shuster ₂₅ , K M Stack ₅ , V Z Sun ₅ , A H Treiman ₂₆ , B P Weiss _{5,

11} , R C Wiens ₂₂ , A J Williams ₂₇ , N R Williams ₅ , K H Williford _{5,

28}

Affiliation

Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Université Nantes, Université Angers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6112, 44322 Nantes, France.
Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 31400 Toulouse, France.
Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon-Terre Planètes Environnement, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure Lyon, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Plancius Research, Severna Park, MD 21146, USA.
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7590, Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoires Naturelles, 75005 Paris, France.
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Geology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Instituto de Geociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
Space and Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Geology Department, College of Science and Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
Center for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

Observations from orbital spacecraft have shown that Jezero crater, Mars, contains a prominent fan-shaped body of sedimentary rock deposited at its western margin. The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater in February 2021. We analyze images taken by the rover in the three months after landing. The fan has outcrop faces that were invisible from orbit, which record the hydrological evolution of Jezero crater. We interpret the presence of inclined strata in these outcrops as evidence of deltas that advanced into a lake. In contrast, the uppermost fan strata are composed of boulder conglomerates, which imply deposition by episodic high-energy floods. This sedimentary succession indicates a transition, from a sustained hydrologic activity in a persistent lake environment, to highly energetic short-duration fluvial flows.

中文翻译：

毅力号火星车揭示了火星 Jezero 陨石坑的古老三角洲湖泊系统和洪水沉积物

轨道航天器的观测表明，火星的 Jezero 陨石坑包含一个突出的扇形沉积岩体，沉积在其西部边缘。毅力号火星车于 2021 年 2 月降落在 Jezero 陨石坑。我们分析了火星车在着陆后三个月内拍摄的图像。扇形有从轨道上看不到的露头面，记录了 Jezero 陨石坑的水文演变。我们将这些露头中倾斜地层的存在解释为三角洲进入湖泊的证据。相比之下，最上部的扇形地层由砾岩组成，这意味着间歇性高能洪水的沉积。这种沉积序列表明，从持续湖泊环境中的持续水文活动到高能量的短期河流流动的转变。

更新日期：2021-10-08

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