Uncovering the architecture of white-matter axons is fundamental to the study of brain networks. We developed a method for quantifying axonal orientations at ~15 micron resolution. This method is based on the common Nissl staining of postmortem histological slices. Nissl staining reveals the spatial organization of glial cells along axons. Using structure tensor analysis, we leveraged this patterned organization to uncover the local axonal orientation. We used Nissl-based structure-tensor analysis to extract fine details of axonal architecture and demonstrated its applicability in multiple datasets of humans and non-human primates. Nissl-based structure tensor analysis can be used to compare fine-grained features of axonal architecture across species, and is widely applicable to existing datasets.

中文翻译：

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神经胶质框架揭示了人类和灵长类动物大脑中的白质纤维结构

揭示白质轴突的结构是研究大脑网络的基础。我们开发了一种以~15 微米分辨率量化轴突方向的方法。该方法基于死后组织切片的常见 Nissl 染色。Nissl 染色揭示了神经胶质细胞沿轴突的空间组织。使用结构张量分析，我们利用这种模式化的组织来揭示局部轴突方向。我们使用基于 Nissl 的结构张量分析来提取轴突结构的精细细节，并证明了其在人类和非人类灵长类动物的多个数据集中的适用性。基于 Nissl 的结构张量分析可用于比较不同物种轴突结构的细粒度特征，并且广泛适用于现有数据集。