As populations grow, energy demands gradually increase, so more efficient energy use is essential. Building energy consumption comprises more than 40% of global energy consumption; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning comprise approximately 50% of all such consumption. Improvements in building energy efficiency are important. Window energy efficiency of windows is one of the lowest in the building structure. In summer, more than 70% of heat is transmitted into the room through windows; in winter, windows cause 30% of heat loss. Therefore, adjustment of sunlight and heat radiation transmitted through windows could reduce heating, ventilation, and air conditioning energy consumption, while enhancing energy efficiency. Progress in the implementation of thermochromic and electrochromic smart windows has been extensively reviewed. However, mechanochromic windows, which react to humidity, and smart magnetochromic windows have received less attention. In this review, we summarize recent developments in humidity-triggered, mechanochromic, and smart magnetochromic windows with a focus on the materials, structures, and designs. We also discuss emerging technologies, including dual-stimulus-triggered smart windows and multifunctional integrated devices. We provide practical recommendations and describe the future of mechanochromic, humidity-triggered, and smart magnetochromic window development.

随着人口的增长，能源需求逐渐增加，因此更有效地使用能源至关重要。建筑能耗占全球能耗的40%以上；供暖、通风和空调约占所有此类消耗的 50%。提高建筑能源效率很重要。窗户的窗户能源效率是建筑结构中最低的之一。夏季，70%以上的热量通过窗户传入室内；在冬天，窗户会造成 30% 的热量流失。因此，调整透过窗户的阳光和热辐射，可以减少采暖、通风和空调能耗，同时提高能源效率。热致变色和电致变色智能窗户的实施进展已得到广泛审查。然而，对湿度起反应的机械变色窗和智能磁致变色窗受到的关注较少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了湿度触发、机械变色和智能磁致变色窗的最新发展，重点是材料、结构和设计。我们还讨论了新兴技术，包括双刺激触发的智能窗户和多功能集成设备。我们提供实用建议并描述机械变色、湿度触发和智能磁致变色窗户开发的未来。我们还讨论了新兴技术，包括双刺激触发的智能窗户和多功能集成设备。我们提供实用建议并描述机械变色、湿度触发和智能磁致变色窗户开发的未来。我们还讨论了新兴技术，包括双刺激触发的智能窗户和多功能集成设备。我们提供实用建议并描述机械变色、湿度触发和智能磁致变色窗户开发的未来。