This research aims to optimize preparation conditions of coconut-shell-based activated carbon (CSAC) and to evaluate its adsorption performance in removing POP of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The CSAC was prepared by activating the coconut shell via single-stage microwave heating under carbon dioxide, CO₂ flow. The total pore volume, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of CSAC were 0.420 cm³/g, 625.61 m²/g, and 4.55 nm, respectively. The surface of CSAC was negatively charged shown by the zeta potential study. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum preparation conditions in preparing CSAC were 502 W and 6 min for radiation power and radiation time, respectively, which corresponded to 84.83% of DDT removal and 37.91% of CSAC’s yield. Adsorption uptakes of DDT were found to increase with an increase in their initial concentration. Isotherm study revealed that DDT-CSAC adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacity, Q_m of 14.51 mg/g. The kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with this adsorption system. In regeneration studies, the adsorption efficiency had slightly dropped from 100% to 83% after 5 cycles. CSAC was found to be economically feasible for commercialization owing to its low production cost and high adsorption capacity.

中文翻译：

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用于从水溶液中去除二氯二苯基三氯乙烷 (DDT) 的单级微波辅助椰子壳活性炭：优化和批量研究

本研究旨在优化椰壳活性炭（CSAC）的制备条件，并评估其去除二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）中持久性有机污染物的吸附性能。CSAC 是通过在二氧化碳、CO ₂流下通过单级微波加热活化椰子壳来制备的。CSAC的总孔容、BET表面积和平均孔径为0.420 cm ³ /g, 625.61 m ²/g 和 4.55 nm，分别。zeta 电位研究显示 CSAC 表面带负电。响应面法(RSM)表明，制备CSAC的最佳制备条件分别为502 W和6 min，辐射功率和辐射时间分别为84.83%的DDT去除率和37.91%的CSAC产率。发现 DDT 的吸附量随着其初始浓度的增加而增加。等温线研究表明，DDT-CSAC 吸附系统最好由 Langmuir 模型描述，其单层吸附容量为Q _m14.51 毫克/克。动力学研究证实伪二级模型与该吸附系统非常吻合。在再生研究中，吸附效率在 5 个循环后从 100% 略微下降到 83%。由于其低生产成本和高吸附能力，CSAC 被发现在商业化上具有经济可行性。