Organ transplant rejection (OTR) is a complex immune reaction involving multiple cells, and it determines graft survival and patient prognosis. At present, most transplant recipients are administered a combination of immunosuppressive and biological agents to protect them from OTR. However, immunosuppressive agents negatively impact the immune system of the patients, causing them to suffer from serious complications, such as chronic infection and malignant tumors. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in immune tolerance and immune rejection with regard to organ transplant (OT) is essential for developing better treatment options and improving patient outcomes. This article reviews the role of immune cells in OTR and organ transplant tolerance (OTT), including the novel cell therapies that are currently under clinical trials for transplant recipients.

器官移植排斥反应 (OTR) 是一种涉及多个细胞的复杂免疫反应，它决定了移植物的存活率和患者的预后。目前，大多数移植受者接受免疫抑制剂和生物制剂的组合以保护他们免受 OTR。然而，免疫抑制剂会对患者的免疫系统产生负面影响，导致他们遭受严重的并发症，例如慢性感染和恶性肿瘤。因此，彻底了解与器官移植 (OT) 相关的免疫耐受和免疫排斥机制对于开发更好的治疗方案和改善患者预后至关重要。本文回顾了免疫细胞在 OTR 和器官移植耐受 (OTT) 中的作用，