The ambitious targets for shipping emissions reduction and challenges for mechanism design call for new approaches to encourage decarbonization. Here we build a compound model chain to deconstruct global international shipping emissions to fine-scale trade flows and propose trade-linked indicators to measure shipping emissions efficiency. International maritime trade in 2018 contributes 746.2 Tg to shipping emissions of CO₂, of which 17.2% is contributed from ten out of thousands of trade flows at the country level. We argue that potential unfairness exists if allocating shipping emissions responsibility to bilateral traders due to external beneficiaries. However, a huge shipping emissions-reduction potential could be expected by optimizing international trade patterns, with a maximum reaching 38% of the current total. Our comprehensive modelling system can serve as a benchmark tool to support the construction of a systematic solution and joint effort from the shipping industry and global trade network to address climate change.

航运减排的雄心勃勃的目标和机制设计的挑战需要新的方法来鼓励脱碳。在这里，我们构建了一个复合模型链，将全球国际航运排放解构为精细的贸易流动，并提出贸易挂钩指标来衡量航运排放效率。2018 年国际海运贸易对航运 CO _{2排放的贡献为 746.2 Tg}，其中 17.2% 来自国家层面的数千个贸易流中的十个。我们认为，如果由于外部受益人将航运排放责任分配给双边贸易商，则存在潜在的不公平性。然而，通过优化国际贸易模式，预计航运减排潜力巨大，最高可达目前总量的 38%。我们的综合建模系统可作为基准工具，支持航运业和全球贸易网络共同构建系统解决方案，共同应对气候变化。