High-entropy ceramics with five or more cations have recently attracted significant attention due to their superior properties for various structural and functional applications. Although the multi-component ceramics have been of interest for several decades, the concept of high-entropy ceramics was defined in 2004 by producing the first high-entropy nitride films. Following the introduction of the entropy stabilization concept, significant efforts were started to increase the entropy, minimize the Gibbs free energy and achieve stable single-phase high-entropy ceramics. High-entropy oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides and hydrides are currently the most popular high-entropy ceramics due to their potential for various applications, while the study of other ceramics, such as silicides, sulfides, fluorides, phosphides, phosphates, oxynitrides, carbonitrides and borocarbonitrides, is also growing fast. In this paper, the progress regarding high-entropy ceramics is reviewed from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Different aspects including the history, principles, compositions, crystal structure, theoretical/empirical design (via density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulation, machine learning, CALPHAD and descriptors), production methods and properties are thoroughly reviewed. The paper specifically attempts to answer how these materials with remarkable structures and properties can be used in future applications.

具有五个或更多阳离子的高熵陶瓷由于其在各种结构和功能应用中的优异性能而最近引起了极大的关注。尽管多组分陶瓷几十年来一直受到关注，但高熵陶瓷的概念是在 2004 年通过生产第一批高熵氮化物薄膜而定义的。随着熵稳定概念的引入，人们开始在增加熵、最小化吉布斯自由能和实现稳定的单相高熵陶瓷方面做出重大努力。高熵氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、硼化物和氢化物由于其具有多种应用的潜力而成为目前最受欢迎的高熵陶瓷，而其他陶瓷的研究，如硅化物、硫化物、氟化物、磷化物、磷酸盐、氮氧化物、碳氮化物和硼碳氮化物，也在快速增长。本文从实验和理论两个角度回顾了高熵陶瓷的研究进展。包括历史、原理、成分、晶体结构、理论/经验设计（通过密度泛函理论、分子动力学模拟、机器学习、CALPHAD 和描述符）、生产方法和特性等不同方面进行了彻底审查。该论文专门试图回答这些具有卓越结构和性能的材料如何在未来的应用中使用。对晶体结构、理论/经验设计（通过密度泛函理论、分子动力学模拟、机器学习、CALPHAD 和描述符）、生产方法和特性进行了彻底审查。该论文专门试图回答这些具有卓越结构和性能的材料如何在未来的应用中使用。对晶体结构、理论/经验设计（通过密度泛函理论、分子动力学模拟、机器学习、CALPHAD 和描述符）、生产方法和特性进行了彻底审查。该论文专门试图回答这些具有卓越结构和性能的材料如何在未来的应用中使用。