When making goal-directed movements toward a target, our hand deviates from its path in the direction of sudden background motion. We propose that this manual following response arises because ongoing movements are constantly guided toward the planned movement endpoint. Such guidance is needed to compensate for modest, unexpected self-motion. Our proposal is that the compensation for such self-motion does not involve a sophisticated analysis of the global optic flow. Instead, we propose that any motion in the vicinity of the planned endpoint is attributed to the endpoint's egocentric position having shifted in the direction of the motion. The ongoing movement is then stabilized relative to the shifted endpoint. In six experiments, we investigate what aspects of motion determine this shift of planned endpoint. We asked participants to intercept a moving target when it reached a certain area. During the target's motion, background structures briefly moved either leftward or rightward. Participants' hands responded to background motion even when each background structure was only briefly visible or when the vast majority of background structures remained static. The response was not restricted to motion along the target's path but was most sensitive to motion close to where the target was to be hit, both in the visual field and in depth. In this way, a movement stabilization mechanism provides a comprehensive explanation of many aspects of the manual following response.

中文翻译：

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对背景运动的响应：运动稳定机制的特征。

当朝着目标进行目标导向的运动时，我们的手会在突然的背景运动方向偏离其路径。我们建议在响应后出现本手册，因为正在进行的运动不断被引导到计划的运动终点。需要这样的指导来补偿适度的、意外的自我运动。我们的建议是，对这种自运动的补偿不涉及对全局光流的复杂分析。相反，我们建议计划端点附近的任何运动都归因于端点的以自我为中心的位置已在运动方向上移动。然后，正在进行的运动相对于移动的端点稳定下来。在六个实验中，我们研究了运动的哪些方面决定了计划终点的这种转变。我们要求参与者在移动目标到达某个区域时对其进行拦截。在目标运动期间，背景结构短暂地向左或向右移动。即使每个背景结构只是短暂可见或绝大多数背景结构保持静止，参与者的手也会对背景运动做出反应。响应不仅限于沿目标路径的运动，而且对靠近目标被击中位置的运动最为敏感，无论是在视野中还是在深度上。通过这种方式，运动稳定机制提供了对手动跟随响应的许多方面的全面解释。即使每个背景结构只是短暂可见或绝大多数背景结构保持静止时，手也会对背景运动做出反应。响应不仅限于沿目标路径的运动，而且对靠近目标被击中位置的运动最为敏感，无论是在视野中还是在深度上。通过这种方式，运动稳定机制提供了对手动跟随响应的许多方面的全面解释。即使每个背景结构只是短暂可见或绝大多数背景结构保持静止时，手也会对背景运动做出反应。响应不仅限于沿目标路径的运动，而且对靠近目标被击中位置的运动最为敏感，无论是在视野中还是在深度上。通过这种方式，运动稳定机制提供了对手动跟随响应的许多方面的全面解释。