Although advice is routinely offered in ordinary conversation, commentators and analysts have treated it as a special or delicate type of action, noticing a number of challenges associated with both providing and receiving it. In this article, I first describe the most basic social-sequential context for giving advice and explicate how the formulations speakers use to offer advice are adapted to the distinct epistemic configurations (and other characteristics) that characterize that context. Drawing on Jefferson and Lee’s (1992) observations regarding ‘troubles tellings’, I argue that speakers typically offer advice when a co-participant reports an insoluble trouble or problem to one who (may or claims to) possess special knowledge about the domain of trouble. I show how this epistemic configuration constitutes a ‘home environment’ for advice-giving (i.e. a place where advice may be relevantly offered) and discuss how speakers vary the design of their advice (e.g. using different grammatical forms) to adapt to the sequential environments that entail different epistemic configurations. Finally, I consider how alternative, contrasting responses to advice manage (e.g. by ratifying or challenging) the epistemic framework set in motion by advice-giving.

尽管在日常对话中通常会提供建议，但评论员和分析师将其视为一种特殊或微妙的行动，并注意到与提供和接受建议相关的许多挑战。在本文中，我首先描述了提供建议的最基本的社会顺序上下文，并说明了说话者用来提供建议的表述如何适应表征该上下文的不同认知配置（和其他特征）。借鉴 Jefferson 和 Lee (1992) 关于“麻烦诉说”的观察，我认为当共同参与者向（可能或声称）拥有有关麻烦领域的特殊知识的人报告无法解决的麻烦或问题时，演讲者通常会提供建议. 我展示了这种认知配置如何构成一个提供建议的“家庭环境”（即可以提供相关建议的地方），并讨论说话者如何改变他们的建议设计（例如使用不同的语法形式）以适应连续环境这需要不同的认知结构。最后，我考虑了对建议的替代性、对比性反应如何管理（例如通过批准或挑战）通过建议提供而启动的认知框架。