Abstract

MAX phase materials a new family of ternary layered carbide and nitride compounds are represented by the general formula of M_n+1AX_n, where n = 1 ∼ 3, M stands for early transition metal, A express A-group elements, and X is either nitrogen or carbon. As early as 1960s, this materials had been paied much attention due to their unique physical properties combination of metals and ceramics such as machinability, low hardness, excellent electrical, good thermal conductivity, damage tolerance, thermal shock resistance, high elastic moduli, oxidation and corrosion resistance. Therefore, MAX phase ceramics can be used as structural and functional materials, and is regarded as an ideal strengthening phase for metal matrix composites. Researchers have recognized the potentially technologically important application of this emerging material in the fields of aerospace, high-speed rail, nuclear industry, gas igniter, heat exchanger, high thrust rocket nozzle, electric brush, kiln furniture, metal refining electrode and high-temperature seal. In recent years, a new research caused heightened concerns on MAX phase, as the feasibility of attaining MXenes via selectively etching these and removing of the A-group element. In this review, the development of MAX phase and th e characteristics and applications of its derivative of MXenes are introduced in the first place. Next, the structure, morphology, electronic structure and diversity of the MAX phase are described. Thirdly, the different preparation methods and related applications of MAX phase films, bulk materials and powder materials are systematically introduced according to the current preparation technologies. Finally, the future development potential of MAX phase and the related improvement of the research subject are prospected. It aims to provide theoretical guidance and new ideas for synthesizing and creating new and excellent MAX phase materials, so that this new type of material can be put into social production and application in large quantities.

摘要

MAX 相材料 新的三元层状碳化物和氮化物家族，由通式 M _n+1 AX _{n 表示}，其中n = 1∼3，M代表早期过渡金属，A代表A族元素，X是氮或碳。早在 1960 年代，这种材料就因其结合金属和陶瓷的独特物理性能，如可加工性、低硬度、优良的导电性、良好的导热性、耐损伤性、抗热震性、高弹性模量、氧化和耐腐蚀性能。因此，MAX相陶瓷可用作结构和功能材料，被认为是金属基复合材料的理想强化相。研究人员已经认识到这种新兴材料在航空航天、高铁、核工业、气体点火器、热交换器、大推力火箭喷嘴、电刷、窑具、金属精炼电极和高温密封。近年来，一项新的研究引起了人们对 MAX 相的高度关注，因为通过选择性蚀刻这些和去除 A 族元素来获得 MXene 的可行性。本文首先介绍了MAX相的发展及其衍生物MXenes的特点和应用。接下来，描述MAX相的结构、形貌、电子结构和多样性。第三，根据目前的制备技术，系统介绍了MAX相膜、块状材料和粉状材料的不同制备方法及相关应用。最后对MAX阶段的未来发展潜力及研究课题的相关改进进行了展望。