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CH−π Interactions in Glycan Recognition
ACS Chemical Biology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-06 , DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00413
Laura L Kiessling 1 , Roger C Diehl 1
Affiliation  

Carbohydrate recognition is crucial for biological processes ranging from development to immune system function to host–pathogen interactions. The proteins that bind glycans are faced with a daunting task: to coax these hydrophilic species out of water and into a binding site. Here, we examine the forces underlying glycan recognition by proteins. Our previous bioinformatic study of glycan-binding sites indicated that the most overrepresented side chains are electron-rich aromatic residues, including tyrosine and tryptophan. These findings point to the importance of CH−π interactions for glycan binding. Studies of CH−π interactions show a strong dependence on the presence of an electron-rich π system, and the data indicate binding is enhanced by complementary electronic interactions between the electron-rich aromatic ring and the partial positive charge of the carbohydrate C–H protons. This electronic dependence means that carbohydrate residues with multiple aligned highly polarized C–H bonds, such as β-galactose, form strong CH−π interactions, whereas less polarized residues such as α-mannose do not. This information can guide the design of proteins to recognize sugars and the generation of ligands for proteins, small molecules, or catalysts that bind sugars.

中文翻译:

聚糖识别中的 CH-π 相互作用

碳水化合物识别对于从发育到免疫系统功能再到宿主-病原体相互作用的生物过程至关重要。结合聚糖的蛋白质面临着一项艰巨的任务:将这些亲水性物质从水中诱出并进入结合位点。在这里,我们检查了蛋白质识别聚糖的潜在力量。我们之前对聚糖结合位点的生物信息学研究表明,最过度代表的侧链是富含电子的芳香族残基,包括酪氨酸和色氨酸。这些发现指出了 CH-π 相互作用对聚糖结合的重要性。CH-π 相互作用的研究表明强烈依赖于富电子 π 系统的存在,数据表明,富电子芳环与碳水化合物 C-H 质子的部分正电荷之间的互补电子相互作用增强了结合。这种电子依赖性意味着具有多个对齐的高度极化的 C-H 键的碳水化合物残基,例如 β-半乳糖,形成强的 CH-π 相互作用,而较少极化的残基,例如 α-甘露糖则不会。这些信息可以指导蛋白质设计以识别糖和生成蛋白质、小分子或结合糖的催化剂的配体。
更新日期:2021-10-15
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