Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed commonly found in winter cereals. Winter cover crops represent an alternative for weed suppression, reducing weed soil seed banks, and future infestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suppression of winter cover crops on reducing the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in fields managed under no-tillage system. Field experiment was carried out during three consecutive years, in a strip-plot design with four blocks, containing the winter cover crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), canola (Brassica napus), barley (Hordeum vulgare), common vetch (Vicia sativa), cereal rye (Secale cereale), feral radish (Raphanus sativus), and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sown in each strip (block) under no-tillage system and compared with weedy fallow. Seed bank was quantified at 0.0- to 0.05- and 0.05- to 0.10-m depths, whereas Italian ryegrass infestations were measured with a sample frame of 0.0625 m². Greater suppression and lower soil seed bank were reported in plots managed with cereal rye, common vetch, black oat, and feral radish, reducing up to 80% in the first year, and up to 96% after 3 yr of continuous management in comparison to weedy fallow. Italian ryegrass infestations increased four- to six-fold when managed with canola. High suppressor potential of Italian ryegrass occurred for cover crops with biomass dry accumulation greater than 8.7 tons ha⁻¹, especially to plants with a height upper to 1 m, plant characteristics essential to reduce strongly Italian ryegrass infestations and ensure weed-free fields throughout the time.

中文翻译：

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冬季覆盖作物减少免耕系统中意大利黑麦草的土壤种子库和侵染

意大利黑麦草 ( Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum Lam.) 是冬季谷物中常见的一种麻烦杂草。冬季覆盖作物代表了一种抑制杂草、减少杂草土壤种子库和未来侵扰的替代方法。本研究的目的是评估在免耕系统管理的田地中抑制冬季覆盖作物对减少土壤种子库和意大利黑麦草的侵扰。田间试验连续三年进行，采用带状小区设计，有四个街区，包含冬季覆盖作物。小麦 ( Triticum aestivum )、油菜 ( Brassica napus )、大麦 ( Hordeum vulgare )、野豌豆 ( Vicia sativa )、谷物黑麦 (在免耕制度下，在每条（块）上播种黑麦）、野萝卜（Raphanus sativus）和黑燕麦（Avena strigosa ），并与杂草休耕进行比较。种子库在 0.0 到 0.05 和 0.05 到 0.10 米深度进行量化，而意大利黑麦草侵染是用 0.0625 m ^{2的样本框架测量的}. 据报道，在用谷物黑麦、紫云英、黑燕麦和野萝卜管理的地块中，抑制效果更大，土壤种子库减少，第一年减少高达 80%，连续管理 3 年后减少高达 96%。杂草休耕。使用双低油菜籽管理时，意大利黑麦草的侵扰增加了 4 到 6 倍。意大利黑麦草的高抑制潜力出现在生物量干积累大于 8.7 吨 ha ^-1的覆盖作物上，特别是对于高度超过 1 m 的植物，植物特性对于减少强烈的意大利黑麦草侵扰和确保整个农田无杂草至关重要时间。