The defence of illegality is invoked across private law, but has a reputation for being confused. This article argues that the defence can be rendered intelligible and sharply focused by understanding its underlying rationale, and applying that discretely and to different effect in each of tort, contract, unjust enrichment, and trusts.

中文翻译：

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私法中的非法辩护

对非法性的辩护在整个私法中被援引，但因混淆而臭名昭著。本文认为，通过理解其基本原理，并在侵权、合同、不当得利和信托中的每一种情况下，将其离散地应用到不同的效果，可以使抗辩变得清晰易懂且重点突出。