Plant–pollinator interactions represent a crucial ecosystem function threatened by anthropogenic landscape changes. Disturbances that reduce plant diversity are associated with floral resource and pollinator declines. Establishing wildflower plantings is a major conservation strategy targeting pollinators, the success of which depends on long-term persistence of seeded floral communities. However, most pollinator-oriented seeding projects are monitored for a few years, making it difficult to evaluate the longevity of such interventions. Selecting plant species to provide pollinators diverse arrays of floral resources throughout their activity season is often limited by budgetary constraints and other conservation priorities. To evaluate the long-term persistence of prairie vegetation seeded to support pollinators, we sowed wildflower seed mixes into plots on a degraded reclaimed strip-mine landscape in central Ohio, USA. We examined how pollinator habitat quality, measured as floral abundance and diversity, changed over 10 years (2009–2019) in the absence of management, over the course of the blooming season within each year, and across three seed mixes containing different numbers and combinations of flowering plant species. Seeded species floral abundance declined by more than 75% over the study, with the largest decline occurring between the fifth and seventh summers. Native and non-native adventive flowering plants quickly colonized the plots and represented >50% of floral community abundances on average. Floral richness remained relatively constant throughout the study, with a small peak one year after plot establishment. Plots seeded with High-Diversity Mixes averaged two or three more species per plot compared with a Low-Diversity Mix, despite having been seeded with twice as many plant species. Within years, the abundance and diversity of seeded species were lowest early in the blooming season and increased monotonically from June to August. Adventive species exhibited the opposite trend, such that complementary abundance patterns of seeded and adventive species blooms resulted in a relatively constant floral abundance across the growing season. Seeded plant communities followed classic successional patterns in which annual species quickly established and flowered but were replaced by perennial species after the first few summers. Long-term data on establishment and persistence of flower species can guide species selection for future-oriented pollinator habitat restorations.

中文翻译：

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十年趋势显示，无论种子混合多样性如何，再生矿山的播种授粉媒介栖息地质量都在下降

植物 - 传粉媒介的相互作用代表了受人为景观变化威胁的关键生态系统功能。减少植物多样性的干扰与花卉资源和传粉媒介减少有关。建立野花种植是针对传粉媒介的主要保护策略，其成功取决于种子花卉群落的长期持续存在。然而，大多数以授粉媒介为导向的播种项目都经过几年的监测，因此难以评估此类干预措施的持续时间。选择植物物种以在整个活动季节为传粉者提供各种花卉资源，通常受到预算限制和其他保护优先事项的限制。为了评估为支持传粉媒介而播种的草原植被的长期持久性，我们在美国俄亥俄州中部退化的开垦露天矿区播种野花种子混合物。我们检查了传粉媒介栖息地质量（以花卉丰度和多样性衡量）在没有管理的情况下在 10 年（2009-2019 年）中如何变化，在每年开花季节的过程中，以及包含不同数量和组合的三种种子混合物开花植物种类。在这项研究中，种子物种的花卉丰度下降了 75% 以上，其中最大的下降发生在第五个和第七个夏天之间。原生和非原生的外来开花植物迅速在地块上定居，平均占花卉群落丰度的 50% 以上。在整个研究过程中，花卉丰富度保持相对稳定，在小区建立一年后出现小高峰。与低多样性混合物相比，使用高多样性混合物播种的地块平均每块地多两个或三个物种，尽管已经播种了两倍的植物物种。几年内，种子物种的丰度和多样性在开花季节初期最低，并在 6 月至 8 月单调增加。外来物种表现出相反的趋势，因此种子和外来物种开花的互补丰度模式导致整个生长季节的花卉丰度相对恒定。种子植物群落遵循经典的演替模式，一年生植物迅速建立并开花，但在最初的几个夏天后被多年生植物取代。