The petrochemical industry has grown to meet the need for massive production of energy and commodities along with an explosive population growth; however, serious side effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming have negatively impacted the environment. Lignocellulosic biomass with myriad quantities on Earth is an attractive resource for the production of carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals through environmentally friendly processes of microbial fermentation. This review discusses metabolic engineering efforts to achieve economically feasible industrial production of fuels and chemicals from microbial cell factories using the carbohydrate portion of lignocellulosic biomass as substrates. The combined knowledge of systems biology and metabolic engineering has been applied to construct robust platform microorganisms with maximum conversion of monomeric sugars, such as glucose and xylose, derived from lignocellulosic biomass. By comprehensively revisiting carbon conversion pathways, we provide a rationale for engineering strategies, as well as their features, feasibility, and recent representative studies. In addition, we briefly discuss how tools in systems biology can be applied in the field of metabolic engineering to accelerate the development of microbial cell factories that convert lignocellulosic biomass into carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals with economic feasibility.

石化工业的发展是为了满足能源和商品的大规模生产以及人口爆炸性增长的需求；然而，温室气体排放和全球变暖等严重副作用对环境产生了负面影响。地球上数量众多的木质纤维素生物质是通过环境友好的微生物发酵过程生产碳中性燃料和化学品的有吸引力的资源。本综述讨论了利用木质纤维素生物质的碳水化合物部分作为底物，从微生物细胞工厂实现经济上可行的燃料和化学品工业生产的代谢工程努力。系统生物学和代谢工程的综合知识已被应用于构建强大的平台微生物，最大限度地转化来自木质纤维素生物质的单糖，如葡萄糖和木糖。通过全面重新审视碳转化途径，我们提供了工程战略的基本原理，以及它们的特征、可行性和最近的代表性研究。此外，我们简要讨论了系统生物学工具如何应用于代谢工程领域，以加速微生物细胞工厂的发展，将木质纤维素生物质转化为具有经济可行性的碳中性燃料和化学品。我们提供了工程策略的基本原理，以及它们的特点、可行性和最近的代表性研究。此外，我们简要讨论了系统生物学工具如何应用于代谢工程领域，以加速微生物细胞工厂的发展，将木质纤维素生物质转化为具有经济可行性的碳中性燃料和化学品。我们提供了工程策略的基本原理，以及它们的特点、可行性和最近的代表性研究。此外，我们简要讨论了系统生物学工具如何应用于代谢工程领域，以加速微生物细胞工厂的发展，将木质纤维素生物质转化为具有经济可行性的碳中性燃料和化学品。