For rivers or streams with waterfalls, water withdrawal for multiple uses can lead to potential conflicts of interest. The question arises to what extent water withdrawal impairs the appearance and acoustics of waterfalls. A data set was analyzed of 15 waterfalls of different morphological types in Switzerland, Austria, and Norway. It comprises discharge measurements as well as photo imaging and sound level measurements. The variations of waterfall appearance and sound level decreased after reaching a threshold discharge value for all investigated morphological waterfall types. For low discharges, visible and acoustics changes were more significant compared to higher discharges. Acoustics changes were less pronounced than visual changes. The acoustics and visual extent of a water withdrawal can be calculated with a novel assessment equation using a normalized discharge. Based on an impact intensity, which is a function of the extent of the water withdrawal and the nonmonetary waterfall value, the selected residual discharge can be evaluated. In addition, a software tool was developed to enable a sensitivity analysis of the required residual discharge to maintain a certain waterfall appearance.

中文翻译：

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取水对瀑布外观和声级的影响

对于有瀑布的河流或溪流，为多种用途取水可能会导致潜在的利益冲突。问题在于取水在多大程度上损害了瀑布的外观和声学效果。对瑞士、奥地利和挪威的 15 个不同形态类型的瀑布的数据集进行了分析。它包括放电测量以及照片成像和声级测量。在所有调查的形态瀑布类型达到阈值后，瀑布外观和声级的变化减少。对于低放电，与高放电相比，可见和声学变化更为显着。声学变化不如视觉变化明显。取水的声学和视觉范围可以通过使用归一化排放的新型评估方程来计算。根据影响强度（它是取水范围和非货币瀑布值的函数），可以评估选定的剩余排放量。此外，还开发了一个软件工具，可以对所需的剩余流量进行敏感性分析，以保持一定的瀑布外观。