The intercropping of shrubs with Gramineae species has been used widely to increase productivity and sustainability in modern agriculture. However, there have been few studies of intercropping of Wolfberry shrubs (Lycium barbarum) and it is cultivated mostly by clean tillage. In this study, we measured land productivity, crop yield and quality, and soil properties when L. barbarum was intercropped with Gramineae plants compared to when grown in a monoculture with clean tillage. The results showed that Wolfberry/ Gramineae intercropping improved productivity and fruit quality as evidenced by a significant increase in the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and the content in the fruit of carotenoid, flavonoid, total sugar and ascorbic acid. The nutrient content and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soils were higher under intercropping. The physical properties of the soil also improved with increased soil moisture, available potassium, available phosphorus and total nitrogen. The effect of intercropping on bacterial diversity was greater than that on fungal diversity, especially alpha diversity as shown by the Shannon Index, although both groups were markedly altered by intercropping. Binding spatial ordination analysis demonstrated that potassium and nitrogen were the nutrients that most affected the bacterial community, and all soil enzymes corelated with bacterial community composition. Collectively, these results suggest that intercropping of L. barbarum with Gramineae plants alters the soil bacterial community composition which reflects changes in soil properties and enzyme activities. Our findings show how to improve Wolfberry productivity and they provide insights into the mechanisms underlying healthy, biodiverse soils in agroecosystems.

灌木与禾本科物种间作已被广泛用于提高现代农业的生产力和可持续性。然而，对枸杞灌木（枸杞）间作的研究较少，多采用清耕栽培。在这项研究中，我们测量了当L. barbarum与在清洁耕作的单一栽培中生长相比，与禾本科植物间作。结果表明，枸杞/禾本科间作提高了生产力和果实质量，土地当量比（LER）和果实中类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、总糖和抗坏血酸的含量显着提高。间作条件下根际土壤养分含量和酶活性较高。土壤的物理性质也随着土壤水分、速效钾、速效磷和总氮的增加而改善。间作对细菌多样性的影响大于对真菌多样性的影响，特别是香农指数显示的 alpha 多样性，尽管这两个组都被间作显着改变。结合空间排序分析表明，钾和氮是对细菌群落影响最大的养分，所有土壤酶与细菌群落组成相关。总的来说，这些结果表明间作L. barbarum与禾本科植物改变了土壤细菌群落组成，这反映了土壤特性和酶活性的变化。我们的研究结果展示了如何提高枸杞生产力，并提供了对农业生态系统中健康、生物多样性土壤的潜在机制的见解。