Protein acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved posttranslational modification. It affects enzyme activity, metabolic flux distribution, and other critical physiological and biochemical processes by altering protein size and charge. Protein acetylation may thus be a promising tool for metabolic regulation to improve target production and conversion efficiency in fermentation. Here we review the role of protein acetylation in bacterial physiology and metabolism and describe applications of protein acetylation in fermentation engineering and strategies for regulating acetylation status. Although protein acetylation has become a hot topic, the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully characterized. We propose future research directions in protein acetylation.

蛋白质乙酰化是一种进化上保守的翻译后修饰。它通过改变蛋白质大小和电荷来影响酶活性、代谢通量分布以及其他关键的生理和生化过程。因此，蛋白质乙酰化可能是一种有前途的代谢调节工具，以提高发酵中的目标产量和转化效率。在这里，我们回顾了蛋白质乙酰化在细菌生理学和代谢中的作用，并描述了蛋白质乙酰化在发酵工程中的应用和调节乙酰化状态的策略。尽管蛋白质乙酰化已成为一个热门话题，但其调控机制尚未完全表征。我们提出了蛋白质乙酰化的未来研究方向。