The fine spatial resolution of the ICESat-2 (IS2) satellite altimeter allows monitoring the evolution of sea ice thickness with detailed dynamic information (e.g. ridges and leads). In this study, we first assess the ability of IS2 to estimate thermodynamic ice growth and dynamic thickening during the ice-growing season in the central Arctic Ocean. As an indicator of the thermodynamic ice growth, we use 10 thermistor string-based sea ice mass balance array (SIMBA) buoys deployed at a scale of ~50 km from the Icebreaker Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. We collect IS2 data within 20 km buffer distance from the individual buoys, and calculate the mode, median, and mean of the IS2-derived ice thickness. The IS2 modal thickness shows the least bias (−0.169 m) with the buoy ice thickness, representing level ice thickness. In addition, the increasing rate of the IS2 modal thickness is close to the thermodynamic ice growth with a small bias of −0.054 cm/day. However, the increasing rates of the IS2 median and mean thickness are greater than the thermodynamic ice growth by about 0.114 cm/day and 0.198 cm/day, respectively, because they also include ice growth caused by thickness redistribution during dynamic deformation. The dynamic contributions may account for 26.1 ± 10.3% and 34.4 ± 10.1% of the total increase of the IS2 median and mean thickness, respectively. Within a ~ 50 km radius area from the MOSAiC Central Observatory, IS2 measurements exhibit that the ridge fraction increased from <2% in November to ~4% in March (~0.029%/day of average increasing rate) and ridge height increased about 0.047 cm/day during the same period. However, lead formation does not show significant contributions to the dynamic ice thickening because leads are temporary features lasting only 2–3 days. Although there are considerable uncertainties in IS2 ice thickness estimation and IS2-buoy thickness comparison, this study emphasizes the importance of combining measurements by IS2 and SIMBA buoys to explain the regional sea ice mass balance with separating the thermodynamic and dynamic contributions.

ICESat-2 (IS2) 卫星高度计的精细空间分辨率允许使用详细的动态信息（例如山脊和引线）监测海冰厚度的演变。在这项研究中，我们首先评估了 IS2 估计北冰洋中部冰生长季节热力学冰生长和动态增厚的能力。作为热力学冰增长的指标，我们使用了 10 个基于热敏电阻串的海冰质量平衡阵列 (SIMBA) 浮标，在北极气候研究多学科漂移观测站 (MOSAiC ) 远征。我们在距各个浮标 20 公里缓冲距离内收集 IS2 数据，并计算 IS2 导出的冰厚度的众数、中值和平均值。IS2 模态厚度显示最小偏差 (-0. 169 m）与浮标冰厚，代表水平冰厚。此外，IS2 模态厚度的增加速率接近于热力学冰生长，具有 -0.054 cm/天的小偏差。然而，IS2 中值和平均厚度的增加率分别大于热力学冰增长约 0.114 厘米/天和 0.198 厘米/天，因为它们还包括动态变形过程中厚度重新分布引起的冰增长。动态贡献可能分别占 IS2 中值和平均厚度总增加量的 26.1 ± 10.3% 和 34.4 ± 10.1%。在距 MOSAiC 中央天文台约 50 公里半径区域内，IS2 测量结果表明，山脊比例从 11 月的 <2% 增加到 3 月的约 4%（~0. 029%/天的平均增长率）和山脊高度在同一时期增加了约 0.047 厘米/天。然而，铅的形成对动态冰增厚没有显着贡献，因为铅是仅持续 2-3 天的临时特征。尽管 IS2 冰厚度估计和 IS2 浮标厚度比较存在相当大的不确定性，但本研究强调了将 IS2 和 SIMBA 浮标的测量结合起来，通过分离热力学和动力贡献来解释区域海冰质量平衡的重要性。