Technological advances in recent decades have allowed us to measure both the information available to the visual system in the natural environment and the rich array of behaviors that the visual system supports. This review highlights the tasks undertaken by the binocular visual system in particular and how, for much of human activity, these tasks differ from those considered when an observer fixates a static target on the midline. The everyday motor and perceptual challenges involved in generating a stable, useful binocular percept of the environment are discussed, together with how these challenges are but minimally addressed by much of current clinical interpretation of binocular function. The implications for new technology, such as virtual reality, are also highlighted in terms of clinical and basic research application.

近几十年来的技术进步使我们能够测量自然环境中视觉系统可用的信息以及视觉系统支持的丰富行为。这篇综述特别强调了双目视觉系统所承担的任务，以及对于大部分人类活动而言，这些任务与观察者将静态目标固定在中线上时所考虑的任务有何不同。讨论了产生稳定、有用的双眼环境感知所涉及的日常运动和知觉挑战，以及这些挑战是如何被目前对双眼功能的许多临床解释最低限度地解决的。在临床和基础研究应用方面也突出了对虚拟现实等新技术的影响。