In quantum scattering processes between two particles, aspects characterizing the strong and Coulomb forces can be observed in kinematic distributions of the particle pairs. The sensitivity to the interaction potential reaches a maximum at low relative momentum and vanishing distance between the two particles. Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC provide an abundant source of many hadron species and can be employed as a measurement method of scattering parameters that is complementary to scattering experiments. This study confirms that momentum correlations of particles produced in Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC provide an accurate measurement of kaon–proton scattering parameters at low relative momentum, allowing precise access to the ${\mathrm{K}}^{-}\mathrm{p}\to {\mathrm{K}}^{-}\mathrm{p}$ process. This work also validates the femtoscopic measurement in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions as an alternative to scattering experiments and a complementary tool to the study of exotic atoms with comparable precision. In this work, the first femtoscopic measurement of momentum correlations of ${\mathrm{K}}^{-}\mathrm{p}({\mathrm{K}}^{+}\bar{\mathrm{p}})$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}\mathrm{p}({\mathrm{K}}^{-}\bar{\mathrm{p}})$ pairs in Pb–Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV registered by the ALICE experiment is reported. The components of the ${\mathrm{K}}^{-}\mathrm{p}$ complex scattering length are extracted and found to be $\Re f_0=-0.91\pm 0.03$(stat)${}_{-0.03}^{+0.17}$(syst) and $\Im f_0=0.92\pm 0.05$(stat)${}_{-0.33}^{+0.12}$(syst). The results are compared with chiral effective field theory predictions as well as with existing data from dedicated scattering and exotic kaonic atom experiments.

在两个粒子之间的量子散射过程中，可以在粒子对的运动学分布中观察到表征强力和库仑力的方面。在两个粒子之间的相对动量和消失距离较低时，对相互作用势的敏感性达到最大值。LHC 的超相对论重离子碰撞提供了许多强子种类的丰富来源，可用作散射参数的测量方法，与散射实验互补。该研究证实，在 LHC 的 Pb-Pb 碰撞中产生的粒子的动量相关性提供了在低相对动量下对 kaon-质子散射参数的准确测量，从而允许精确访问${\mathrm{钾}}^{-}\mathrm{磷}\to {\mathrm{钾}}^{-}\mathrm{磷}$过程。这项工作还验证了超相对论重离子碰撞中的飞秒测量作为散射实验的替代方法和具有可比精度的奇异原子研究的补充工具。在这项工作中，第一次飞秒测量动量相关性${\mathrm{钾}}^{-}\mathrm{磷}({\mathrm{钾}}^{+}\overline{\mathrm{磷}})$ 和 ${\mathrm{钾}}^{+}\mathrm{磷}({\mathrm{钾}}^{-}\overline{\mathrm{磷}})$ Pb-Pb 碰撞中的每对核子的质心能量对 $\sqrt{{秒}_{\mathrm{神经网络}}}=5.02$报告了 ALICE 实验注册的 TeV。的组成部分${\mathrm{钾}}^{-}\mathrm{磷}$ 提取复杂的散射长度并发现是 $\Re F_0=-0.91\pm 0.03$（统计）${}_{-0.03}^{+0.17}$（系统）和 $\Im F_0=0.92\pm 0.05$（统计）${}_{-0.33}^{+0.12}$（系统）。将结果与手性有效场理论预测以及来自专用散射和外来 kaonic 原子实验的现有数据进行比较。