A self-reliant quantum cooler without an external control is proposed. To understand the thermal transport properties of the quantum system interacting with the baths described by the grand canonical ensemble, a two-level system with a single energy transport channel and a two-level coupled system with multi-channels are established. By considering the temperature dependence of the chemical potentials of the ultracold atom baths, the steady-state heat flows, particle currents, and entropy productions of these systems are derived. Results show that a steady heat current flows against the thermal bias for a nonequilibrium system coupled with ultracold quantum gases and the cooling rate can be enhanced by quantum coherence.

提出了一种无需外部控制的自依赖量子冷却器。为了理解与正则系综描述的浴相互作用的量子系统的热传输特性，建立了具有单个能量传输通道的两能级系统和具有多通道的两能级耦合系统。通过考虑超冷原子浴化学势的温度依赖性，可以推导出这些系统的稳态热流、粒子流和熵产生。结果表明，对于与超冷量子气体耦合的非平衡系统，稳定的热流抵抗热偏置流动，并且量子相干性可以提高冷却速率。