The wealth of user data acts as a fuel for network intelligence toward the sixth generation wireless networks (6G). Due to data heterogeneity and dynamics, decentralized data management (DM) is desirable for achieving transparent data operations across network domains, and blockchain can be a promising solution. However, the increasing data volume and stringent data privacy-preservation requirements in 6G bring significantly technical challenge to balance transparency, efficiency, and privacy requirements in decentralized blockchain-based DM. In this paper, we investigate blockchain solutions to address the challenge. First, we explore the consensus protocols and scalability mechanisms in blockchains and discuss the roles of DM stakeholders in blockchain architectures. Second, we investigate the authentication and authorization requirements for DM stakeholders. Third, we categorize DM privacy requirements and study blockchain-based mechanisms for collaborative data processing. Subsequently, we present research issues and potential solutions for blockchain-based DM toward 6G from these three perspectives. Finally, we conclude this paper and discuss future research directions.

丰富的用户数据是向第六代无线网络 (6G) 发展的网络智能的燃料。由于数据的异构性和动态性，分散数据管理（DM）对于实现跨网络域的透明数据操作是可取的，而区块链可能是一个很有前途的解决方案。然而，6G 中不断增长的数据量和严格的数据隐私保护要求给分散的基于区块链的 DM 的透明度、效率和隐私要求带来了巨大的技术挑战。在本文中，我们研究了区块链解决方案来应对这一挑战。首先，我们探讨了区块链中的共识协议和可扩展性机制，并讨论了 DM 利益相关者在区块链架构中的角色。第二，我们调查了 DM 利益相关者的身份验证和授权要求。第三，我们对 DM 隐私要求进行分类，并研究基于区块链的协作数据处理机制。随后，我们从这三个角度提出了基于区块链的 DM 面向 6G 的研究问题和潜在解决方案。最后，我们总结了本文并讨论了未来的研究方向。