The molecular network features of spinal cord development that are integral to tissue engineering remain poorly understood in placental mammals, especially in terms of their relationships with vital biological processes such as regeneration. Here, using a large-scale temporal transcriptomic analysis of rat spinal cord from the embryonic stage to adulthood, we show that fluctuating RNA expression levels reflect highly active transcriptional regulation, which may initiate spinal cord patterning. We also demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcriptional factors exhibit a mosaic profile based on their expression patterns, while differential alternative splicing events reveal that alternative splicing may be a driving force for the development of the node of Ranvier. Our study also supports the existence of a negative correlation between innate immunity and intrinsic growth capacity. Epigenetic modifications appear to perform their respective regulatory functions at different stages of development, while guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (including olfactory receptors (ORs)) may perform pleiotropic roles in axonal growth. This study provides a valuable resource for investigating spinal cord development and complements the increasing number of single-cell datasets. These findings also provide a genetic basis for the development of novel tissue engineering strategies.

脊髓发育的分子网络特征是组织工程不可或缺的一部分，但在胎盘哺乳动物中仍知之甚少，尤其是在它们与重要生物过程（如再生）的关系方面。在这里，我们使用从胚胎期到成年期的大鼠脊髓的大规模时间转录组学分析，表明波动的 RNA 表达水平反映了高度活跃的转录调控，这可能会启动脊髓模式。我们还证明了 microRNA (miRNA) 和转录因子根据它们的表达模式表现出镶嵌谱，而差异可变剪接事件表明可变剪接可能是 Ranvier 节点发展的驱动力。我们的研究还支持先天免疫与内在生长能力之间存在负相关。表观遗传修饰似乎在不同的发育阶段发挥各自的调节功能，而鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白 (G 蛋白) 偶联受体（包括嗅觉受体 (OR)）可能在轴突生长中发挥多效作用。这项研究为研究脊髓发育提供了宝贵的资源，并补充了越来越多的单细胞数据集。这些发现也为开发新的组织工程策略提供了遗传基础。而鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白（G 蛋白）偶联受体（包括嗅觉受体 (OR)）可能在轴突生长中发挥多效作用。这项研究为研究脊髓发育提供了宝贵的资源，并补充了越来越多的单细胞数据集。这些发现也为开发新的组织工程策略提供了遗传基础。而鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白（G 蛋白）偶联受体（包括嗅觉受体 (OR)）可能在轴突生长中发挥多效作用。这项研究为研究脊髓发育提供了宝贵的资源，并补充了越来越多的单细胞数据集。这些发现也为开发新的组织工程策略提供了遗传基础。