Infection of the heart muscle with cardiotropic viruses is one of the major aetiologies of myocarditis and acute and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi). However, viral myocarditis and subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy is still a challenging disease to diagnose and to treat and is therefore a significant public health issue globally. Advances in clinical examination and thorough molecular genetic analysis of intramyocardial viruses and their activation status have incrementally improved our understanding of molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral infections of the heart muscle. To date, several cardiotropic viruses have been implicated as causes of myocarditis and DCMi. These include, among others, classical cardiotropic enteroviruses (Coxsackieviruses B), the most commonly detected parvovirus B19, and human herpes virus 6. A newcomer is the respiratory virus that has triggered the worst pandemic in a century, SARS-CoV-2, whose involvement and impact in viral cardiovascular disease is under scrutiny. Despite extensive research into the pathomechanisms of viral infections of the cardiovascular system, our knowledge regarding their treatment and management is still incomplete. Accordingly, in this review, we aim to explore and summarize the current knowledge and available evidence on viral infections of the heart. We focus on diagnostics, clinical relevance and cardiovascular consequences, pathophysiology, and current and novel treatment strategies.

中文翻译：

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病毒感染的心血管后果：从 COVID 到其他病毒性疾病

心肌病毒感染心肌是心肌炎和急性和慢性炎症性心肌病 (DCMi) 的主要病因之一。然而，病毒性心肌炎和随后的扩张型心肌病仍然是一种难以诊断和治疗的疾病，因此是全球重要的公共卫生问题。临床检查和心肌内病毒及其激活状态的彻底分子遗传学分析的进展逐渐提高了我们对心肌病毒感染的分子发病机制和病理生理学的理解。迄今为止，已将几种嗜心病毒牵连为心肌炎和 DCMi 的原因。其中包括经典的强心肠病毒（柯萨奇病毒 B）、最常检测到的细小病毒 B19 和人类疱疹病毒 6。一个新来者是引发了一个世纪以来最严重大流行的呼吸道病毒 SARS-CoV-2，它对病毒性心血管疾病的参与和影响正在接受审查。尽管对心血管系统病毒感染的病理机制进行了广泛研究，但我们对其治疗和管理的了解仍然不完整。因此，在这篇综述中，我们旨在探索和总结目前关于心脏病毒感染的知识和可用证据。我们专注于诊断、临床相关性和心血管后果、病理生理学以及当前和新的治疗策略。尽管对心血管系统病毒感染的病理机制进行了广泛研究，但我们对其治疗和管理的了解仍然不完整。因此，在这篇综述中，我们旨在探索和总结目前关于心脏病毒感染的知识和可用证据。我们专注于诊断、临床相关性和心血管后果、病理生理学以及当前和新的治疗策略。尽管对心血管系统病毒感染的病理机制进行了广泛研究，但我们对其治疗和管理的了解仍然不完整。因此，在这篇综述中，我们旨在探索和总结目前关于心脏病毒感染的知识和可用证据。我们专注于诊断、临床相关性和心血管后果、病理生理学以及当前和新的治疗策略。