Vegetative growth of plants is accomplished by a combination of mitotic cell division and endoreduplication, a cell cycle process in which DNA replication occurs without cell division, leading to increased DNA content and cell expansion. The direct influence of cell number and cell size on overall plant development and productivity makes regulation of both the mitotic cell cycle and the endocycle important for crop yield. CYCLIN KINASE INHIBITORs (CKIs), such as KIP-RELATED PROTEINs (KRPs), regulate the transitions between GAP 1 and DNA Synthesis (G1-S) and GAP 2 and Mitosis (G2-M) phases of the cell cycle, placing members of the family at the key checkpoints for both meiotic cell cycles and endocycles. For instance, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), overexpression of the ubiquitously expressed CKI KRP6 leads to fewer higher ploidy cells due to inhibition of the mitotic cell cycle (Guérinier et al., 2013;Zhou et al., 2002).

中文翻译：

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带有 AEL 的更多就是更多（DNA 和细胞）

植物的营养生长是通过有丝分裂细胞分裂和核内复制相结合的方式完成的，这是一个细胞周期过程，其中 DNA 复制在没有细胞分裂的情况下发生，导致 DNA 含量增加和细胞扩增。细胞数量和细胞大小对整体植物发育和生产力的直接影响使得有丝分裂细胞周期和细胞内周期的调节对于作物产量都很重要。周期蛋白激酶抑制剂 (CKI)，如 KIP 相关蛋白 (KRP)，调节细胞周期的 GAP 1 和 DNA 合成 (G1-S) 和 GAP 2 和有丝分裂 (G2-M) 阶段之间的转换，将该家族处于减数分裂细胞周期和内周期的关键检查点。例如，在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana），由于有丝分裂细胞周期的抑制，普遍表达的 CKI KRP6 的过度表达导致更少的高倍性细胞（Guérinier 等人，2013；Zhou 等人，2002）。