How can we recognize the onset of fruit ripening? In many cases, color change from immature green to vivid red or orange indicates ripening and attracts seed-dispersing organisms at the right time. In many fruits, like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum), the change in color from green to red or orange is due to a sharp decrease in chlorophyll and an increase in carotenoid accumulation. Tomato has been intensively used as a model system of fruit ripening through which many important factors have been characterized (Chen et al., 2020).

中文翻译：

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橙色保持绿色：叶绿素和类胡萝卜素积累中的非耦合功能

我们如何识别果实成熟的开始？在许多情况下，颜色从未成熟的绿色变为鲜艳的红色或橙色表明成熟并在适当的时间吸引散播种子的生物。在许多水果中，如番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）和辣椒（Capsicum annuum），颜色从绿色变为红色或橙色是由于叶绿素急剧减少和类胡萝卜素积累增加所致。番茄已被广泛用作果实成熟的模型系统，通过该模型系统表征了许多重要因素（Chen 等，2020）。