Background This study assessed whether reporting multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality risk among older Black adults. Methods This study utilized data from a subsample of older Black adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative panel study of older adults in the United States. Our measure of multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination was based on self-reports from the 2006/2008 HRS waves. Respondents’ vital status was obtained from the National Death Index and reports from key household informants (spanning 2006–2019). Cox proportional hazard models, which accounted for covariates linked to mortality, were used to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality. Results During the observation period, 563 deaths occurred. Twenty percent of Black adults attributed perceived everyday discrimination to 3 or more sources. In demographic adjusted models, attributing perceived everyday discrimination to 3 or more sources was a statistically significant predictor of all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.87). The association remained significant (hazard ratio = 1.49; 95% confidence interval = 1.15–1.93) after further adjustments for health, behavioral, and economic characteristics. Conclusions Examining how multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination relate to all-cause mortality risk has considerable utility in clarifying the unique contributions of perceived discrimination to mortality risk among older Black adults. Our findings suggest that multiple reasons for perceived everyday discrimination are a particularly salient risk factor for mortality among older Black adults.

中文翻译：

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老年黑人日常歧视和全因死亡风险的多重原因


背景 这项研究评估了报告日常歧视的多种原因是否与老年黑人全因死亡风险增加相关。方法 这项研究利用了来自健康与退休研究 (HRS) 的老年黑人子样本的数据，HRS 是一项针对美国老年人的全国代表性小组研究。我们对日常歧视的多种原因的衡量是基于 2006/2008 年 HRS 浪潮的自我报告。受访者的生命状况来自国家死亡指数和主要家庭知情人的报告（2006-2019 年）。 Cox比例风险模型考虑了与死亡率相关的协变量，用于估计全因死亡的风险。结果观察期内，共发生死亡563例。 20% 的黑人成年人将日常所感受到的歧视归因于 3 个或更多来源。在人口调整模型中，将感知到的日常歧视归因于 3 个或更多来源是全因死亡风险的统计显着预测因子（风险比 = 1.45；95% 置信区间 = 1.12–1.87）。在对健康、行为和经济特征进行进一步调整后，这种关联仍然显着（风险比 = 1.49；95% 置信区间 = 1.15–1.93）。结论 研究日常歧视的多种原因如何与全因死亡风险相关，对于阐明老年黑人中感知歧视对死亡风险的独特贡献具有相当大的作用。我们的研究结果表明，日常歧视的多种原因是老年黑人死亡的一个特别显着的风险因素。