Transmission of pathogens through air is a critical pathway for the spread of airborne diseases, as airborne pathogenic microorganisms cause several harmful infections. This review summarizes the occurrence, transmission, and adverse impacts of airborne pathogenic microorganisms that spread over large distances via bioaerosols. Air cleaning technologies have demonstrated great potential to prevent and reduce the spread of airborne diseases. The recent advances in air cleaning technologies are summarized on the basis of their advantages, disadvantages, and adverse health effects with regard to the inactivation mechanisms. The application scope and energy consumption of different technologies are compared, and the characteristics of air cleaners in the market are discussed. The development of high-efficiency, low-cost, dynamic air cleaning technology is identified as the leading research direction of air cleaning. Furthermore, future research perspectives are discussed and further development of current air cleaning technologies is proposed.

病原体通过空气传播是空气传播疾病传播的重要途径，因为空气传播的病原微生物会引起多种有害感染。本综述总结了通过生物气溶胶远距离传播的空气传播病原微生物的发生、传播和不利影响。空气净化技术已显示出预防和减少空气传播疾病传播的巨大潜力。根据其在灭活机制方面的优点、缺点和对健康的不利影响，总结了空气净化技术的最新进展。对比了不同技术的应用范围和能耗，探讨了市场上空气净化器的特点。发展高效率、低成本、动态空气净化技术被确定为空气净化的主要研究方向。此外，讨论了未来的研究前景，并提出了当前空气净化技术的进一步发展。