How do concerns about fairness shape foreign policy preferences? In this article, we show that fairness has two faces—one concerning equity, the other concerning equality—and that taking both into account can shed light on the structure of important foreign policy debates. Fielding an original survey on a national sample of Americans, we show that different types of Americans think about fairness in different ways, and that these fairness concerns shape foreign policy preferences: individuals who emphasize equity are far more sensitive to concerns about burden sharing, are far less likely to support US involvement abroad when other countries aren’t paying their fair share, and often support systematically different foreign policies than individuals who emphasize equality. As long as IR scholars focus only on the equality dimension of fairness, we miss much about how fairness concerns matter in world politics.

对公平的担忧如何影响外交政策偏好？在本文中，我们展示了公平有两个方面——一个是关于公平，另一个是关于平等——考虑到这两者可以揭示重要外交政策辩论的结构。对美国人的全国样本进行原始调查，我们表明不同类型的美国人以不同的方式思考公平，并且这些公平问题塑造了外交政策偏好：强调公平的个人对负担分担的担忧要敏感得多，当其他国家没有支付其公平份额时，支持美国参与海外的可能性要小得多，并且通常支持与强调平等的个人不同的系统性外交政策。只要 IR 学者只关注公平的平等维度，