Background and objectives

Although the concept of empowerment seems useful for good care and support for people living with dementia, there is a lack of understanding of the process of empowerment. Therefore, more insight is needed into the concept of empowerment, and the environment's role in the empowerment process.

Research design and methods

We performed an integrative literature review (PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO), including studies that addressed empowerment for people living with dementia in their title or abstract. Using qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti, we applied open codes to describe all relevant aspects of included articles. Common themes and categories were identified using inductive reasoning and constant comparison.

Results

Sixty-nine articles were included. We identified four themes: (1) description of the state of being empowered, (2) the process of empowerment, (3) contribution of the environment to the empowerment process, and (4) effects on other variables. We combined these results with the conceptual framework of our previous qualitative study on the definition of empowerment for people living with dementia based on stakeholders’ perspectives into a revised conceptual framework. Subsequently, the combined information of both studies was visualized in a revised conceptual framework.

Discussion and implications

This literature review provides more details as to the role of the environment for empowerment of people living with dementia and suggests that empowerment can be considered a dynamic process, taking place through interaction between the person living with dementia and their environment. Our revised conceptual framework of empowerment can serve as a basis for future studies on empowerment for people living with dementia, and to support (in)formal caregivers in the empowerment process.

中文翻译：

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为痴呆症患者赋权：综合文献综述

背景和目标

尽管赋权的概念似乎有助于为痴呆症患者提供良好的护理和支持，但人们对赋权过程缺乏了解。因此，需要更多地了解赋权的概念以及环境在赋权过程中的作用。

研究设计与方法

我们进行了综合文献综述（PubMed、CINAHL、PsychINFO），包括在标题或摘要中解决痴呆症患者赋权问题的研究。使用定性数据分析软件 ATLAS.ti，我们应用开放代码来描述收录文章的所有相关方面。使用归纳推理和不断比较来确定共同的主题和类别。

结果

包括六十九篇文章。我们确定了四个主题：（1）被授权状态的描述，（2）授权过程，（3）环境对授权过程的贡献，以及（4）对其他变量的影响。我们将这些结果与我们之前根据利益相关者的观点对痴呆症患者赋权定义的定性研究的概念框架相结合，形成了一个修订的概念框架。随后，两项研究的综合信息在修订后的概念框架中可视化。

讨论和影响

这篇文献综述提供了更多关于环境对痴呆症患者赋权作用的详细信息，并表明赋权可以被视为一个动态过程，通过痴呆症患者与其环境之间的相互作用而发生。我们修订的赋权概念框架可以作为未来研究痴呆症患者赋权的基础，并在赋权过程中支持（非正式）正式护理人员。