Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a tremendous disaster in a person’s life. It interrupts the brain–body neuronal circuits, resulting in functional deficits. Pathogenesis of SCI is a progressive and comprehensive event. In clinical trials, attempts to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after SCI have met with failures. Recently, with the development of transcriptome sequencing and biomaterials, researchers have struggled to explore novel efficient therapeutic treatments for SCI. Here, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in SCI repair based on the lesion microenvironment, neural circuits, and biomaterial scaffolds. We also propose several important directions for future research, including targeted-microRNA therapy, blood vessel interventions, and multiple treatment combinations. In short, we hope this review will enlighten researchers in the field and pave the way for SCI therapy.

脊髓损伤 (SCI) 是一个人生命中的巨大灾难。它会中断大脑-身体神经元回路，导致功能缺陷。SCI的发病机制是一个渐进的综合性事件。在临床试验中，促进 SCI 后神经再生和功能恢复的尝试失败了。最近，随着转录组测序和生物材料的发展，研究人员一直在努力探索新型有效的 SCI 治疗方法。在这里，我们总结了基于病变微环境、神经回路和生物材料支架在 SCI 修复方面取得的最新进展。我们还提出了未来研究的几个重要方向，包括靶向 microRNA 治疗、血管干预和多种治疗组合。简而言之，