Soil oxidases play a vital role in soil organic carbon decomposition. However, the question how biotic and abiotic factors interactively affect spatial variations of soil oxidase activities within ecosystems remains unresolved. Here, we identified soil oxidase (peroxidase (PER) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) activities at different locations within two afforested systems (coniferous woodland and leguminous shrubland), and investigated the associated variables of vegetation, soil environments, microbial communities and spatial structure to explore their relative importance in regulating oxidase activities. Our results showed that 32.5%–46.9% of variations in oxidase activities could be explained by the localized effects of vegetation, soil environments and microbial communities. Plant-soil-microbe interactions explained more variations of oxidases compared to the sole fraction of each group. High oxidase activities were closely associated with high pH and low present litter biomass. Meanwhile, the abundance of gram-negative bacteria was the key microbial factor on oxidase activities in the woodland, while the abundance of gram-positive bacteria was the key factor on PER activity in the shrubland. Taken together, our results provide novel experimental insight into spatial variability of soil oxidases, and reveal a profound impact of key vegetation, soil and microbial factors and their localized interactions on spatial patterns of soil oxidases at ecosystem-level.

土壤氧化酶在土壤有机碳分解中起着至关重要的作用。然而，生物和非生物因素如何相互作用影响生态系统内土壤氧化酶活性的空间变化的问题仍未解决。在这里，我们确定了两个造林系统（针叶林和豆科灌木）内不同位置的土壤氧化酶（过氧化物酶（PER）和多酚氧化酶（PPO））活性，并研究了植被、土壤环境、微生物群落和空间结构的相关变量探索它们在调节氧化酶活性中的相对重要性。我们的结果表明，氧化酶活性的 32.5%–46.9% 的变化可以用植被、土壤环境和微生物群落的局部效应来解释。与每组的唯一部分相比，植物-土壤-微生物相互作用解释了更多的氧化酶变化。高氧化酶活性与高 pH 值和低现有凋落物生物量密切相关。同时，革兰氏阴性菌的丰度是林地氧化酶活性的关键微生物因子，而革兰氏阳性菌的丰度是灌木地PER活性的关键因子。总之，我们的结果为土壤氧化酶的空间变异性提供了新的实验见解，并揭示了关键植被、土壤和微生物因素及其在生态系统层面上对土壤氧化酶空间格局的局部相互作用的深远影响。林地中革兰氏阴性菌的丰度是影响氧化酶活性的关键微生物因素，而革兰氏阳性菌的丰度是灌木地中PER活性的关键因素。总之，我们的结果为土壤氧化酶的空间变异性提供了新的实验见解，并揭示了关键植被、土壤和微生物因素及其在生态系统层面上对土壤氧化酶空间格局的局部相互作用的深远影响。林地中革兰氏阴性菌的丰度是影响氧化酶活性的关键微生物因素，而革兰氏阳性菌的丰度是灌木地中PER活性的关键因素。总之，我们的结果为土壤氧化酶的空间变异性提供了新的实验见解，并揭示了关键植被、土壤和微生物因素及其在生态系统层面上对土壤氧化酶空间格局的局部相互作用的深远影响。