This study employed the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impacts of rubberized semi-dense asphalt (SDA) pavement. Asphalt mixtures were prepared at the asphalt plant, followed by hybrid approach of mechanical and leaching tests in the laboratory to assess the possible service life and PAH leaching. The LCA was carried out considering two scenarios: (1) the reference scenario focuses on standard SDA produced of only virgin materials; (2) the test scenario refers to rubberized SDA using crumb rubber, a secondary material from waste tires. In the reference scenario, waste tires were assumed to be used as fuels for clinker production; while in the test scenario, waste tires were applied for SDA and primary fuels were used for clinker production (system expansion approach). In a sensitivity analysis, a scenario with waste tire treatment in municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) was also assessed. The impact assessment includes greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions, nonrenewable cumulative energy demand (CED), human and ecotoxicity (USEtox), and the Swiss method of ecological scarcity. The results indicate that the investigated impacts were not improved by the test scenario. The USEtox results also reveal that the leaching impacts can be as serious as binder production and material transport if PAHs emit to groundwater. From an environmental point of view in Switzerland, it is not recommended to promote rubberized SDA by reducing the waste tires used for clinker production. However, if there are waste tires used for MSWI, the rubberized SDA is still an environmentally viable option.

本研究采用生命周期评估 (LCA) 方法来评估橡胶半密实沥青 (SDA) 路面的环境影响。在沥青厂制备沥青混合料，然后在实验室进行机械和浸出试验的混合方法，以评估可能的使用寿命和 PAH 浸出率。LCA 的实施考虑了两种情况：(1) 参考方案侧重于仅由原始材料生产的标准 SDA；(2) 测试场景是指使用碎胶（一种来自废轮胎的二次材料）橡胶化 SDA。在参考情景中，假设废轮胎用作熟料生产的燃料；而在测试场景中，废轮胎用于SDA，初级燃料用于熟料生产（系统扩展方法）。在敏感性分析中，还评估了在城市固体废物焚烧炉 (MSWI) 中处理废轮胎的情景。影响评估包括温室气体 (GHG) 排放、不可再生累积能源需求 (CED)、人类和生态毒性 (USEtox) 以及瑞士生态稀缺方法。结果表明，测试场景并未改善所调查的影响。USEtox 结果还表明，如果多环芳烃排放到地下水中，浸出影响可能与粘合剂生产和材料运输一样严重。在瑞士，从环保的角度来看，不建议通过减少用于熟料生产的废轮胎来推广橡胶化 SDA。然而，如果有用于 MSWI 的废轮胎，橡胶 SDA 仍然是一种环保可行的选择。