A laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensor for label-free CEA monitoring in serum,Analyst

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A laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensor for label-free CEA monitoring in serum
Analyst ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d1an01011e
Guangyuan Wang _{1,

2} , Jiayi Chen ₁ , Lu Huang ₁ , Yiting Chen ₁ , Yanxia Li _{1,

3}

Affiliation

The cost-effective construction of self-designed conductive graphene patterns is crucial to the fabrication of graphene-based electrochemical devices. Here, a label-free carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) electrochemical immunosensor is developed based on the surface engineering of a laser-induced graphene (LIG)/Au electrode. The LIG electrode was produced with a smart and inexpensive 450 nm semiconductor laser through three electrode patterns under ambient conditions. Then the LIG/Au electrode was organized by conformal anchoring of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the LIG work area using chloroauric acid as the precursor. Good electrochemical activity with improved conductivity of the LIG/Au electrode was obtained under optimized conditions of laser intensity, carving depth, and chlorogenic acid dosage, to name a few. The LIG/Au electrode was carbonylated based on Au–S∼COOH using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). The antibody was covalently bound on the work area to form a label-free immunosensor. The constructed immunosensor shows high sensitivity with a good response in the range of low concentrations from 0.01 to 100 ng mL⁻¹, low detection limit (5.0 pg mL⁻¹), high selectivity compared with some possible interference, and can be applied in a bovine serum solution without the need of sample labeling and pretreatment. Moreover, the immunosensor is mechanically flexible with minimal change in signal output after bending at different angles. It shows an easy and green electrode preparation method that combines 3D porous structures of graphene, uniform immobilization of Au NPs, binder-free, easy covalent binding of an antibody, and good mechanical properties. Hence, the present method has great potential for applications involving electrochemical biosensors.

中文翻译：

一种用于血清中无标记 CEA 监测的激光诱导石墨烯电化学免疫传感器

自行设计的导电石墨烯图案的经济高效的构造对于基于石墨烯的电化学装置的制造至关重要。在这里，基于激光诱导石墨烯 (LIG)/Au 电极的表面工程开发了一种无标记癌胚抗原 (CEA) 电化学免疫传感器。LIG 电极是使用智能且廉价的 450 nm 半导体激光器在环境条件下通过三个电极图案制成的。然后使用氯金酸作为前驱体，通过在 LIG 工作区上共形锚定 Au 纳米粒子 (NPs) 来组织 LIG/Au 电极。在激光强度、雕刻深度和绿原酸剂量等优化条件下，LIG/Au 电极获得了良好的电化学活性和改善的电导率。LIG/Au 电极基于 Au-S∼COOH 使用 11-巯基十一烷酸 (MUA) 进行羰基化。抗体与工作区共价结合，形成无标记免疫传感器。构建的免疫传感器显示出高灵敏度，在 0.01 至 100 ng mL 的低浓度范围内具有良好的响应^-1，检测限低（5.0 pg mL^-1），与一些可能的干扰相比具有高选择性，并且可以应用于牛血清溶液而无需样品标记和预处理。此外，免疫传感器在机械上是灵活的，在不同角度弯曲后信号输出的变化最小。它展示了一种简单且绿色的电极制备方法，该方法结合了石墨烯的 3D 多孔结构、Au NPs 的均匀固定、无粘合剂、易于与抗体共价结合以及良好的机械性能。因此，本方法在涉及电化学生物传感器的应用中具有巨大的潜力。

更新日期：2021-09-30

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