Species delimitation is one of the most fundamental processes in biology. Biodiversity undertakings, for instance, require explicit species concepts and criteria for species delimitation in order to be relevant and translatable. However, a perfect species concept does not exist for Fungi. Here, we review the species concepts commonly used in Basidiomycota, the second largest phylum of Fungi that contains some of the best known species of mushrooms, rusts, smuts, and jelly fungi. In general, best practice is to delimitate species, publish new taxa, and conduct taxonomic revisions based on as many independent lines of evidence as possible, that is, by applying a so-called unifying (or integrative) conceptual framework. However, the types of data used vary considerably from group to group. For this reason we discuss the different classes of Basidiomycota, and for each provide: (i) a general introduction with difficulties faced in species recognition, (ii) species concepts and methods for species delimitation, and (iii) community recommendations and conclusions.

物种定界是生物学中最基本的过程之一。例如，生物多样性事业需要明确的物种概念和物种划界标准，以便具有相关性和可翻译性。然而，真菌并不存在完美的物种概念。在这里，我们回顾了担子菌门中常用的物种概念，担子菌门是第二大真菌门，其中包含一些最著名的蘑菇、锈菌、黑穗病和果冻真菌。一般而言，最佳实践是根据尽可能多的独立证据，即通过应用所谓的统一（或整合）概念框架来界定物种、发布新分类群并进行分类学修订。但是，使用的数据类型因组而异。