The taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum has undergone tremendous changes over the last decade, with over 200 species being currently recognised and species complexes being informally used to cluster those species. Many of these species are important plant pathogens, some rather polyphagous and others host-specific, but several occur seldomly and some may in fact be ecologically endangered. Based mainly on literature from the past decade, in this work we review the occurrence, geographic distribution and host spectrum of currently recognised Colletotrichum species under phylogenetic, pathological/agronomic and ecological perspectives, providing a list arranged by Colletotrichum species and species complexes. A total of 257 species are listed and grouped into 15 species complexes. In this work we have recorded 1353 unique host species-Colletotrichum species association records from 720 hosts, with the Fabaceae as the family with higher number of hosts (52 host species) but with the Rosaceae as the family with the highest number of host species-Colletotrichum species association records (118 association records). According to occurrence data, 88 species are common in nature, 128 were considered as data deficient and 41 are threatened, some of which are likely extinct from nature and preserved only in culture collections. Several species are relevant plant pathogens, in some cases geographically confined and thus of potential quarantine relevance. Based on the major changes that occurred on Colletotrichum taxonomy over the last decade, this work provides a comprehensive overview of occurrence data of Colletotrichum species, compiling host range and geographical distribution, with relevance for plant pathology and conservation mycology. The current taxonomic framework in Colletotrichum is revealing numerous species but poses challenges to the employment of standard criteria for the evaluation of biological conservation of these fungi. We advocate that conservation mycology and taxonomy should find common routes simultaneously enabling the correct delimitation of species of Colletotrichum and the implementation of feasible criteria for the evaluation of conservation. The employment of new technologies, such whole genome sequencing (WGS), will help and support the description of new species and to gain a better understanding of the genetic bases of speciation processes.

炭疽菌属的分类学在过去十年中经历了巨大的变化，目前已识别出 200 多个物种，并且非正式地使用物种复合体对这些物种进行聚类。其中许多物种是重要的植物病原体，有些是多食性的，有些是宿主特异性的，但有一些很少出现，有些实际上可能处于生态濒危状态。在这项工作中，我们主要基于过去十年的文献，从系统发育、病理/农艺和生态的角度回顾了目前公认的炭疽菌属物种的发生、地理分布和寄主谱，提供了按炭疽菌属物种和物种复合体排列的清单。总共列出了 257 个物种，分为 15 个物种复合体。在这项工作中，我们记录了 1353 个独特的寄主物种 -来自 720 个寄主的炭疽菌物种关联记录，其中豆科是寄主数量较多的科（52 个寄主物种），但蔷薇科是寄主物种数量最多的科 -炭疽菌属物种关联记录（118 条关联记录）。根据发生数据，88 个物种在自然界中很常见，128 个物种被认为数据不足，41 个物种受到威胁，其中一些物种可能已从自然中灭绝，仅保存在培养物收藏中。一些物种是相关的植物病原体，在某些情况下受地理限制，因此具有潜在的检疫相关性。基于过去十年炭疽菌分类学发生的重大变化，本工作全面概述了炭疽菌物种的发生数据，编制了寄主范围和地理分布，并与植物病理学和保护真菌学相关。目前炭疽菌的分类框架揭示了许多物种，但对采用标准标准来评估这些真菌的生物保护提出了挑战。我们主张保护真菌学和分类学应同时找到共同途径，以便正确界定炭疽菌物种并实施可行的保护评估标准。全基因组测序（WGS）等新技术的使用将有助于和支持新物种的描述，并更好地了解物种形成过程的遗传基础。