The increasing number of new fungal species described from all over the world along with the use of genetics to define taxa, has dramatically changed the classification system of early-diverging fungi over the past several decades. The number of phyla established for non-Dikarya fungi has increased from 2 to 17. However, to date, both the classification and phylogeny of the basal fungi are still unresolved. In this article, we review the recent taxonomy of the basal fungi and re-evaluate the relationships among early-diverging lineages of fungal phyla. We also provide information on the ecology and distribution in Mucoromycota and highlight the impact of chytrids on amphibian populations. Species concepts in Chytridiomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Rozellomycota, Neocallimastigomycota are discussed in this paper. To preserve the current application of the genus Nephridiophaga (Chytridiomycota: Nephridiophagales), a new type species, Nephridiophaga blattellae, is proposed.

来自世界各地的越来越多的新真菌物种以及使用遗传学来定义分类群，在过去几十年中极大地改变了早期发散真菌的分类系统。为非 Dikarya 真菌建立的门数量已从 2 个增加到 17 个。然而，迄今为止，基础真菌的分类和系统发育仍未解决。在本文中，我们回顾了最近的基础真菌分类学，并重新评估了真菌门早期分化谱系之间的关系。我们还提供有关毛霉菌门生态学和分布的信息， 并强调壶菌对两栖动物种群的影响。壶菌门、蚜虫门、本文讨论了Rozellomycota、Neocallimastigomycota 。为保留目前应用的Nephridiophaga ( Chytridiomycota : Nephridiophagales )属，提出了一个新的类型物种Nephridiophaga blattellae。