The two-dimensional (2D) magnet, a long-standing missing member in the family of 2D functional materials, is promising for next-generation information technology. The recent experimental discovery of 2D magnetic ordering in CrI₃, Cr₂Ge₂Te₆, VSe₂, and Fe₃GeTe₂ has stimulated intense research activities to expand the scope of 2D magnets. This review covers the essential progress on 2D magnets, with an emphasis on the current understanding of the magnetic exchange interaction, the databases of 2D magnets, and the modification strategies for modulation of magnetism. We will address a large number of 2D intrinsic magnetic materials, including binary transition metal halogenides; chalogenides; carbides; nitrides; oxides; borides; silicides; MXene; ternary transition metal compounds CrXTe₃, MPX₃, Fe-Ge-Te, MBi₂Te₄, and MXY (M = transition metal; X = O, S, Se, Te, N; Y = Cl, Br, I); f-state magnets; p-state magnets; and organic magnets. Their electronic structure, magnetic moment, Curie temperature, and magnetic anisotropy energy will be presented. According to the specific 2D magnets, the underlying direct, superexchange, double exchange, super-superexchange, extended superexchange, and multi-intermediate double exchange interactions will be described. In addition, we will also highlight the effective strategies to manipulate the interatomic exchange mechanism to improve the Curie temperature of 2D magnets, such as chemical functionalization, isoelectronic substitution, alloying, strain engineering, defect engineering, applying electronic/magnetic field, interlayer coupling, carrier doping, optical controlling, and intercalation. We hope this review will contribute to understanding the magnetic exchange interaction of existing 2D magnets, developing unprecedented 2D magnets with desired properties, and offering new perspectives in this rapidly expanding field.

中文翻译：

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二维磁铁的最新进展：基本机理、结构设计和修改

二维 (2D) 磁铁是二维功能材料家族中长期缺失的成员，有望用于下一代信息技术。最近实验发现 CrI ₃、Cr ₂ Ge ₂ Te ₆、VSe ₂和 Fe ₃ GeTe _{2 中}的二维磁序激发了广泛的研究活动，以扩大二维磁铁的范围。这篇综述涵盖了二维磁体的重要进展，重点是目前对磁交换相互作用的理解、二维磁体的数据库以及磁性调制的修改策略。我们将解决大量二维本征磁性材料，包括二元过渡金属卤化物；卤化物；碳化物；氮化物；氧化物；硼化物；硅化物；MXene; 三元过渡金属化合物CrXTe ₃、MPX ₃、Fe-Ge-Te、MBi ₂ Te ₄和MXY（M = 过渡金属；X = O、S、Se、Te、N；Y = Cl、Br、I）；f-状态磁铁；磷- 状态磁铁；和有机磁铁。将介绍它们的电子结构、磁矩、居里温度和磁各向异性能。根据具体的二维磁体，将描述底层的直接、超交换、双交换、超超交换、扩展超交换和多中间双交换相互作用。此外，我们还将重点介绍操纵原子间交换机制以提高二维磁体居里温度的有效策略，例如化学功能化、等电子取代、合金化、应变工程、缺陷工程、应用电子/磁场、层间耦合、载流子掺杂、光控制和插层。我们希望这篇综述有助于理解现有二维磁铁的磁交换相互作用，