Efficient generation of spin–orbit torques is central for the exciting field of spin-orbitronics. Platinum, the archetypal spin Hall material, has the potential to be an outstanding provider for spin–orbit torques due to its giant spin Hall conductivity, low resistivity, high stabilities, and the ability to be compatible with CMOS circuits. However, pure clean-limit Pt with low resistivity still provides a low damping-like spin–orbit torque efficiency, which limits its practical applications. The efficiency of spin–orbit torque in Pt-based magnetic heterostructures can be improved considerably by increasing the spin Hall ratio of Pt and the spin transmissivity of the interfaces. Here we review recent advances in understanding the physics of spin current generation, interfacial spin transport, and the metrology of spin–orbit torques and summarize progress toward the goal of Pt-based spin–orbit torque memories and logic that are fast, efficient, reliable, scalable, and nonvolatile.

中文翻译：

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最大化 Pt 的自旋霍尔效应产生的自旋轨道扭矩

自旋轨道扭矩的有效产生是自旋轨道电子学领域的核心。铂是典型的自旋霍尔材料，由于其巨大的自旋霍尔电导率、低电阻率、高稳定性以及与 CMOS 电路兼容的能力，有可能成为自旋轨道扭矩的杰出提供者。然而，具有低电阻率的纯清洁极限 Pt 仍然提供类似阻尼的低自旋轨道扭矩效率，这限制了其实际应用。通过增加 Pt 的自旋霍尔比和界面的自旋透射率，可以显着提高 Pt 基磁性异质结构中的自旋轨道扭矩效率。在这里，我们回顾了在理解自旋电流产生、界面自旋输运、