Abstract. Shelf-seas play a key role in both the global carbon cycle and coastal marine ecosystems through the drawn-down and fixing of carbon, as measured through phytoplankton net primary production (NPP). Measuring NPP in situ, and extrapolating this to the local, regional and global scale presents challenges however because of limitations with the techniques utilised (e.g. radiocarbon isotopes), data sparsity and the inherent biogeochemical heterogeneity of coastal and open-shelf waters. Here, we introduce a powerful new technique based on the synergistic use of in situ glider profiles and satellite Earth Observation measurements which can be implemented in a real-time or delayed mode system. We apply this system to a fleet of gliders successively deployed over a 19-month time-frame in the North Sea, generating an unprecedented fine scale time-series of NPP in the region (Loveday and Smyth, 2020). At the large-scale, this time-series gives close agreement with existing satellite-based estimates of NPP for the region and previous in situ estimates. What has not been elucidated before is the high-frequency, small-scale, depth-resolved variability associated with bloom phenology, mesoscale phenomena and mixed layer dynamics.

中文翻译：

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使用自主水下滑翔机和卫星地球观测确定北海每日至每年的净初级产量

摘要。通过浮游植物净初级生产 (NPP) 衡量，陆架海通过碳的吸收和固定在全球碳循环和沿海海洋生态系统中发挥着关键作用。然而，由于所用技术（例如放射性碳同位素）的局限性、数据稀疏性以及沿海和开架水域固有的生物地球化学异质性，原位测量 NPP 并将其外推到当地、区域和全球范围存在挑战。在这里，我们介绍了一种强大的新技术，该技术基于原位滑翔机剖面和卫星地球观测测量的协同使用，可以在实时或延迟模式系统中实施。我们将该系统应用于在北海连续部署超过 19 个月的滑翔机机队，在该地区产生前所未有的精细尺度的 NPP 时间序列（Loveday 和 Smyth，2020 年）。在大尺度上，这个时间序列与该地区现有的基于卫星的 NPP 估计和以前的实地估计非常吻合。之前尚未阐明的是与水华物候、中尺度现象和混合层动力学相关的高频、小尺度、深度解析变异性。