Reported associations between vitamin K₁ and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52–60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K₁ (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87–192 µg/d) intake of vitamin K₁ was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K₁ intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K₁ may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.

据报道，维生素 K ₁与全因死亡率和特定原因死亡率之间的关联是相互矛盾的。丹麦饮食、癌症和健康前瞻性队列研究的 56,048 名参与者，中位 [IQR] 年龄为 56 [52-60] 岁，其中 47.6% 为男性，随访 23 年，报告死亡人数为 14,083 . 其中，5015 例死亡与 CVD 相关，6342 例死亡与癌症相关。通过食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 估计维生素 K ₁（叶绿醌）的摄入量，并使用 Cox 比例风险模型研究其与死亡率结果的关系。中到高（87–192 µg/d）的维生素 K _1摄入量与较低的全因风险相关[HR (95%CI) 五分之一 vs 五分之一：0.76 (0.72, 0.79)]，心血管疾病 (CVD) 相关 [五分之一 vs 五分之一：0.72 (0.66, 0.79)] 和癌症相关死亡率 [五分位数 5 与五分位数 1：0.80 (0.75, 0.86)]，在调整人口统计和生活方式混杂因素后。维生素 K ₁摄入量与心血管疾病相关死亡率之间的关联存在于所有亚群（根据性别、吸烟状况、糖尿病状况和高血压状况分类），而与癌症相关死亡率的关联仅存在于当前/以前吸烟者（交互作用的 p = 0.002）。这些发现表明，促进摄入足够的富含维生素 K _1的食物可能有助于降低人群水平的全因死亡率、心血管疾病相关死亡率和癌症相关死亡率。