For the ultra-precision turning machine, the spindle system is a core component and plays a decisive role in precise machining. The unbalancing state in the spindle can degrade the quality of the machining surface. Therefore, the spindle system must be exceptionally well balanced before processing. In this paper, we proposed a high accuracy spindle balance method, which adopts the real-time data in the CNC system and combines with disturbance observer (DOB) to estimate the unbalancing vector without any extra sensors. Moreover, this method takes full advantage of the ultra-precision machine structure, the high precision grating, and the high-performance motor servo system to achieve high accuracy measurement for the spindle unbalancing. According to the experimental results, the proposed method accuracy is up to G0.0073, which is at least three levels greater than the highest official ISO balancing quality grade G0.16. In the cutting experiments, the PV value reduce to 0.207 μm from 0.528 μm with upgrading the spindle balance grade to G0.01024 from G0.16, verifies the accuracy of the spindle dynamic balancing method from the practice side.

对于超精密车床而言，主轴系统是核心部件，在精密加工中起着举足轻重的作用。主轴中的不平衡状态会降低加工表面的质量。因此，主轴系统在加工前必须非常平衡。在本文中，我们提出了一种高精度主轴平衡方法，它采用数控系统中的实时数据并结合干扰观测器（DOB）来估计不平衡矢量，无需任何额外的传感器。此外，该方法充分利用超精密机床结构、高精度光栅、高性能电机伺服系统，实现对主轴不平衡度的高精度测量。根据实验结果，所提出的方法精度高达G0.0073，这比最高的官方 ISO 平衡质量等级 G0.16 至少高出三个级别。在切削实验中，将主轴平衡等级从G0.16提升到G0.01024，PV值从0.528μm降低到0.207μm，从实践方面验证了主轴动平衡方法的准确性。