Nitrogen contamination of groundwater and the environment is an increasing problem in today's society. Since the invention of the Haber-Bosh process in 1913, the impacts of N on human health and the environment have become increasingly widespread due to the industrial scale production of reactive N (N_r). As a result, government organisations and the scientific community continue to make advances towards tackling this ongoing problem. The inherent difficulties of accessing, observing and monitoring groundwater, combined with the complexity of interactions between groundwater chemistry, hydrogeology and ecology have resulted in gaps in fundamental knowledge, specifically regarding the understanding and remediation of N contaminated groundwater. As these knowledge gaps are addressed with ongoing research, current and future remediation targets are being consistently updated; this has resulted in past remediation strategies that may no longer be consistent in meeting new regulatory guidelines for water quality. As such, the search for more technically and economically feasible remediation strategies continues. Recent advances in bioremediation technologies have opened up promising avenues for research in the remediation of N contaminated groundwater. This literature review outlines the past, present and future of N_r-contamination and remediation in N_r -contaminated groundwater within the broader context of the larger environment. The literature cited in this review is critically evaluated to determine significant knowledge gaps.

地下水和环境的氮污染是当今社会日益严重的问题。自 1913 年哈伯-波什过程发明以来，由于活性氮（N _r）。因此，政府组织和科学界继续在解决这个持续存在的问题方面取得进展。获取、观察和监测地下水的固有困难，再加上地下水化学、水文地质学和生态学之间相互作用的复杂性，导致了基础知识的空白，特别是关于 N 污染地下水的理解和修复。随着正在进行的研究解决了这些知识差距，当前和未来的修复目标也在不断更新；这导致过去的补救策略在满足新的水质监管准则方面可能不再一致。因此，仍在继续寻找技术上和经济上更可行的修复策略。生物修复技术的最新进展为修复受 N 污染的地下水开辟了有希望的途径。这篇文献综述概述了 N 的过去、现在和未来在更大环境的更广泛背景下，对受N _r污染的地下水进行_r污染和修复。本综述中引用的文献经过严格评估，以确定重大的知识差距。