Herbicide use has increased very rapidly worldwide in recent decades, and some of these herbicides eventually enter the ocean. At present, herbicide pollution in the ocean has become a global environmental problem. Here, in a field investigation of 22 commonly used herbicide residues (triazine, phenylurea, and amide) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, we found that the detection rate of herbicide residues within 100 km from shore was 100%. Notably, triazine herbicides have reached concentrations (up to 12.07 nmol L⁻¹) that can significantly disturb phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in microcosm experiments. Under exposure to triazine herbicides at close to their total in situ concentrations, the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton community was significantly inhibited, which was reflected by the significant decrease of F_v/F_m (28.7–63.8%) of the phytoplankton community and dissolved oxygen content (18.1–32.2%) in seawater. Concurrently, the phytoplankton community structure underwent significant changes with the dominant group shifting from diatoms to dinoflagellates, due to the higher atrazine sensitivity of diatoms compared to facultative dinoflagellates. Triazine herbicide also significantly altered the bacterioplankton community structure and inhibited their metabolism of many carbon sources including carbohydrates, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. As phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are closely related, the impact of herbicide on the bacterioplankton community was clearly aggravated by the phytoplankton community. In view of the significance of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in supporting marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a continuous increase in herbicide input in the future may seriously affect the stability of coastal oceans.

中文翻译：

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除草剂的陆地输入对沿海水域的浮游植物和浮游细菌群落有显着影响

近几十年来，除草剂的使用在全球范围内迅速增加，其中一些除草剂最终进入海洋。目前，海洋中的除草剂污染已成为全球性环境问题。在这里，我们对渤海和黄海的22种常用除草剂残留（三嗪、苯脲和酰胺）进行了实地调查，发现离岸100公里范围内的除草剂残留检出率为100%。值得注意的是，三嗪除草剂已达到浓度（高达 12.07 nmol L ^-1) 在微观实验中可以显着干扰浮​​游植物和浮游细菌群落。在接近其原位总浓度的三嗪类除草剂暴露下，浮游植物群落的光合作用受到显着抑制，这体现在F _v / F _m显着降低(28.7–63.8%) 的浮游植物群落和海水中的溶解氧含量 (18.1–32.2%)。同时，由于与兼性鞭毛藻相比，硅藻对莠去津的敏感性更高，浮游植物群落结构发生了显着变化，优势群从硅藻转变为鞭毛藻。三嗪类除草剂还显着改变了浮游细菌群落结构并抑制了它们对包括碳水化合物、氨基酸和羧酸在内的许多碳源的代谢。由于浮游植物与浮游细菌关系密切，浮游植物群落明显加剧了除草剂对浮游细菌群落的影响。鉴于浮游植物和浮游细菌群落在支持海洋食物网和生物地球化学循环方面的重要性，