Drug delivery to the brain has been a significant challenge in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which primarily obstructs the access of drugs and biomolecules into the brain. Several methods to overcome the blood-brain barrier have been employed, such as chemical disruption, surgical intervention, focused ultrasound, intranasal delivery, and the use of nanocarriers. Nanocarrier systems remain the method of choice and have shown promising results over the past decade to achieve better drug targeting. Polymeric nanocarriers and lipidic nanoparticles act as a carrier system providing better encapsulation of drugs, site-specific delivery, increased bioavailability, and sustained release of drugs. The surface modifications and functionalization of these nanocarrier systems have greatly facilitated targeted drug delivery. The safety and efficacy of these nanocarrier systems have been ascertained by several in vitro and in vivo models. In the present review, we have elaborated on recent developments of nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for Alzheimer's disease, explicitly focusing on polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles.

由于血脑屏障的存在，将药物输送到大脑一直是治疗阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的重大挑战，血脑屏障主要阻碍药物和生物分子进入大脑。已经采用了几种克服血脑屏障的方法，例如化学破坏、手术干预、聚焦超声、鼻内给药和纳米载体的使用。纳米载体系统仍然是首选方法，并且在过去十年中显示出有希望的结果，以实现更好的药物靶向。聚合物纳米载体和脂质纳米颗粒充当载体系统，提供更好的药物封装、位点特异性递送、增加的生物利用度和药物的持续释放。这些纳米载体系统的表面修饰和功能化极大地促进了靶向药物递送。这些纳米载体系统的安全性和有效性已通过多种体外和体内模型确定。在本综述中，我们详细阐述了纳米粒子作为阿尔茨海默病药物递送系统的最新发展，明确关注聚合物和脂质纳米粒子。