There is an ever-expanding system of international criminal justice in which the concern for fairness is equally as powerful as it is in domestic criminal justice systems, but considerably more fraught with political baggage. The goal of our paper is to develop a model of individual evaluations of fairness of an international court and subject our current understandings of fairness to a challenging test by focusing on those with a tremendous stake in the outcomes of trials—the witnesses. We develop a model that emphasizes three core elements of individual judgments regarding fairness: (1) the identity of the individual—those relatively fixed characteristics that individuals use to explain who they are; (2) the individual encounter with international justice; and (3) general, or more objective indicators of Tribunal effectiveness. We then derive specific hypothesis from these expectations. We utilize data from a unique survey of 300 individuals who testified at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (icty). We find that identity, personal efficacy and to a lesser extent, the perceived appropriateness of punishment for the guilty affect perceptions of fairness.

有一个不断扩大的国际刑事司法系统，其中对公平的关注与国内刑事司法系统一样强大，但更多地充满了政治包袱。我们论文的目标是开发一个对国际法院公平性进行个人评估的模型，并通过关注那些在审判结果中具有巨大利益的人——证人，使我们目前对公平性的理解接受具有挑战性的测试。我们开发了一个模型，该模型强调个人判断公平性的三个核心要素：(1) 个人的身份——个人用来解释他们是谁的那些相对固定的特征；(2) 个人与国际正义的遭遇；(3) 法庭有效性的一般性或更客观的指标。然后我们从这些期望中得出具体的假设。我们利用对 300 名在前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭作证的个人进行的独特调查的数据（icty）。我们发现身份、个人效能以及在较小程度上对有罪的惩罚的适当性影响对公平的看法。