In this study, nine Oenococcus oeni strains were tested for their ability to adhere to polystyrene using mMRS and wine as culture media. Moreover, planktonic and biofilm-detached cells were investigated for their influence on malic acid degradation kinetics and aroma compound production. Three strains were able to adhere on polystyrene plates in a strain-dependent way. In particular, MALOBACT-T1 and ISO359 strains mainly grew as planktonic cells, while the ISO360 strain was found prevalent in sessile state. The strain-dependent adhesion ability was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Planktonic and biofilm detached cells showed a different metabolism. In fact, biofilm-detached cells had a better malic acid degradation kinetic and influenced the aroma composition of resulting wines, acting on the final concentration of esters, higher alcohols, and organic acids. Oenococcus oeni in biofilm lifestyle seems to be a suitable tool to improve malolactic fermentation outcome, and to contribute to wine aroma. The industrial-scale application of this strategy should be implemented to develop novel wine styles.

在本研究中，九 酒酿葡萄球菌使用 mMRS 和葡萄酒作为培养基测试菌株粘附聚苯乙烯的能力。此外，还研究了浮游和生物膜分离细胞对苹果酸降解动力学和香气化合物产生的影响。三种菌株能够以依赖于应变的方式粘附在聚苯乙烯板上。特别是，MALOBACT-T1 和 ISO359 菌株主要以浮游细胞形式生长，而 ISO360 菌株则以无柄状态普遍存在。通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜证实了应变依赖性粘附能力。浮游和生物膜分离的细胞表现出不同的代谢。事实上，生物膜分离的细胞具有更好的苹果酸降解动力学，并影响所得葡萄酒的香气成分，作用于酯类、高级醇和有机酸的最终浓度。酒酿葡萄球菌生物膜生活方式似乎是改善苹果乳酸发酵结果并有助于葡萄酒香气的合适工具。应实施该策略的工业规模应用，以开发新的葡萄酒风格。